Bonesies

Question 1

7 important functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Levers for Movement
4. Mineral Growth and growth factor storage
5. Blood cell formation
6. Triglyceride storage
7. Hormone production

Question 2

Osteocalcnin

Answer 2

secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism

Question 3

What do you store in your bones?

Answer 3

fat, calcium, and phosphate

Question 4

Hematopoiesis

Answer 4

blood making occurs in red marrow cavities of certain bones ; makes both red and white

Question 5

Axial Skeleton

Answer 5

• Long axis of body
• spine, ribs, vertebral columm, thoracic cage

Question 6

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 6

Bones of upper and lower limbs
Girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton

Question 7

Long bones

Answer 7

Longer than they are wide ; limb bones

Question 8

Short bones

Answer 8

Cube shaped bones (in wrist and and ankel

Question 9

Flat Bones

Answer 9

Thin, flat, slightly curved (they have two parallel sides)
- sternum, ribs, scapula, most of skull

Question 10

Irregular Bones

Answer 10

• does not fit into any other categories
• hip bones and vertebrae

Question 11

Sesmoid

Answer 11

Floating bones
- knee caps

Question 12

Sutural Bones

Answer 12

• formed due to additional ossification
• hidden bones 123.

Question 13

Epiphysis

Answer 13

Ends of long bone

Question 14

Diaphysis

Answer 14

shaft of long bone

Question 15

Compact Bone

Answer 15

bone without air pockets ; hard

Question 16

Spongy/ Tribuculated Bone

Answer 16

lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae)

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Question 18

Interoseus

Answer 18

in the bone

Question 19

Osteon

Answer 19

Osteons are cylindrical vascular tunnels formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue.

Question 20

Central (Haversian) canal

Answer 20

runs through core of osteon

Question 21

Lacunae

Answer 21

small cavities that contain osteocytes

Question 22

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

Answer 22

• canals lined with endosteum that occur at right angles to central canal
• Connect blood vessels and nerves of periosteum, medullary cavity, and central canal

Question 23

Canaliculi

Answer 23

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal

Question 24

Interstitial Lamellae

Answer 24

Some fill gaps between forming osteons; others are remnants of osteons cut by bone remodeling

Question 25

Circumferential Lamellae

Answer 25

Help long bone to resist twisting

Question 26

Osteoblasts

Answer 26

make bones

Question 27

Osteoclasts

Answer 27

break bones to release calcium

Question 28

Facet

Answer 28

depression where another bone can sit ; not that deep

Question 29

Fossa

Answer 29

deeper indented surface in a bone

Question 30

Groove / Sulcus

Answer 30

- A furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve

Question 31

Foreamen

Answer 31

Hole in a bone through which a structure such as a blood vessel passes

Question 32

Canal/Meatus

Answer 32

Small passageways through bones

Question 33

Fissure

Answer 33

Elongated passageways ; like slits between bones

Question 34

Condyle

Answer 34

rounded knobs that form articulations with other bones

Question 35

Crest

Answer 35

A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone

Question 36

Epicondyle

Answer 36

small projection on condyle that is a site of muscle attachment

Question 37

Head

Answer 37

Rounded end of bone that fits into fossa to form a joint

Question 38

Protuberance

Answer 38

- Grows out the side

Question 39

Trochanter

Answer 39

Bony projections

Question 40

Tubercle/Tuberosity

Answer 40

Lumps to attach muscles

Question 41

Open Fracture (Compound)

Answer 41

fracture that causes the communication of the fracture and bone with the outside environment. There might be a hole in the skin.

Question 42

Closed Fracture (Simple)

Answer 42

a fracture that remains enclosed by the overlying skin, safer from infections

Question 43

Compression Fracture

Answer 43

Occurs when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumpl

Question 44

Stress Fracture

Answer 44

Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a bone. They're caused by repetitive force, often from overuse

Question 45

Avulsion Fracture

Answer 45

occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.

Question 46

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 46

one side is broken and other in intact , these often occur in young children

Question 47

Transverse Fracture

Answer 47

fractured in half (90 degree ; it came perpendicular to bone)

Question 48

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 48

a fracture that has three or more fragments

Question 49

Impacted Fracture

Answer 49

a break where the ends are driven into each other

Question 50

Nondisplaced Fracture

Answer 50

The ends retain the normal position

Question 51

Displaced Fracture

Answer 51

The ends are out of normal alignment

Question 52

Why do bones have harder to treat infections?

Answer 52

The compact bone does not have blood flow so antibiotics cannot reach them. This is why open fractures require surgery because of risk of infection.

Question 53

Oblique Fracture

Answer 53

fracture at a slight angle

Question 54

Spiral Fracture

Answer 54

from twisting motion

Question 55

Epiphyseal

Answer 55

The epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate.

Question 56

Longitudinal Fracture

Answer 56

fractures that occur along (or nearly along) the axis of the bone.

Question 57

Pathologic Fracture

Answer 57

e when force or impact didn't cause the break to happen

Question 58

Reduction Treatment

Answer 58

realignment of broken bone ends

Question 59

Closed reduction

Answer 59

Physician manipulates to correct position

Question 60

Open reduction

Answer 60

surgical pins or wires secure ends

Question 61

Immobilization of Bones

Answer 61

Cast or traction is needed for healing

Question 62

Scoliosis

Answer 62

sideways curvature of the spine

Question 63

Ligament

Answer 63

connective tissue to hold together bone to bone

Question 64

Tendons

Answer 64

holds muscle to bone

Question 65

How much of your body mass does the skeleton account for?

Answer 65

20 percent