Bowditch - Ch. 7 Nav. Aids Flashcards by Tyler Davis

This is a series of interacting external reference devices intended to collectively provide sufficient and timely information with which to safely navigate within and through a waterway when used in conjunction with updated nautical charts.

Aids To Navigation System (ATON)
Bowditch - Pg.109

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The ATON System includes all navigational devices within what range of the mariner (name three possible ranges)?

Visual
Audio
Radar
Bowditch - Pg. 109

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What is the US buoyage system called and what is the international system called?

USATONS
IALA International Association Maritime Buoyage System

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The USATONS is primarily what kind of system?
A. Lateral
B. Horizontal
C. Nautical
D. Aeronautical

A. Lateral

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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Who is responsible for establishing, maintaining and operating marine aids to navigation in the navigable waters of the United States?

The U.S. Coast Guard

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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These are used to mark channel limits, indicate isolated dangers, shoals and obstructions?

Buoys

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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True / False: Buoys are typically deployed in locations where beacons would be impractical or cost-prohibited due to waterway geographic configuration and/or environmental conditions.

True

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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How do unlighted and smaller lighted buoys show there significance?
A. Sound
B. Shape
C. Symbol
D. All of the Above

B. Shape

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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What are the three components of a lighted buoy?

Buoy hull
Counterweight
Superstructure (cage)

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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What is the largest U.S. Coast Guard Lighted Buoy’s focal plane? Nominal visual range? Depth of water it can be anchored in?

20 ft
4 and 3.2 Nautical Miles
190 ft

Bowditch - Pg. 109

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What is the typical scope of chain for navigation buoys?
A. 1 times depth of water
B. 2 times depth of water
C. 3 times depth of water
D. 4 times depth of water

C. 3 times depth of water

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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What is the geographic position of a navigational buoy called?
A. Buoy Position
B. Assigned Position
C. Estimated Postion
D. Geographic Position

B. Assigned Position

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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What does ODAS stand for?

Ocean Data Acquisition System

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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True / False: The buoys AP actually indicates the assigned position of the buoys sinker.

True

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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True / False: Buoys are rarely positioned at their exact assigned position.

True

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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Sound buoys can be configured with what four ways to make sound?

Bell
Gong
Whistle
Electronic Horn

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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True / False: Gongs are configured in sets of three and each gives a distinct tone when struck by the tapper.

True

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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True / False: Whistles are solar powered.

False. Whistles are mechanical when the swell raises the buoy up it draws air into a hollow counterweight tube when it comes down it makes a loud moaning sound.

Bowditch - Pg. 111

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Due to this reason buoys with whistle signals are only ment to warn mariners about the proximity of a hazard or obstruction.

The human ear can not accurately judge the direction of a sound source.

Bowditch - Pg. 112

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True / False: Lighted ice buoys must meet the same operational characteristics as the lighted buoys they replace.

False, They seldom do and for this reason get replaced in the spring.

Bowditch - Pg. 112

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True / False: Buoys used to mark wrecks are placed directly over the wreck it is intended to mark.

False

Bowditch - Pg. 112

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What are two reasons that buoys meant to mark a wreck are not placed directly over the position of the wreck?

Because it would be hazardous for the Coast Guard to perform maintenance on the Buoy
There is a risk of the buoy’s chain or mooring system being fouled in the wreck

Bowditch - Pg. 112 - 113

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Who is required to mark a wreck with buoys?
A. the USCG
B. The Government which the wreck occurred in
C. The owner of the wreck
D. The flag state which the wreck was registered

C. The owner of the wreck

Bowditch - Pg. 113

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When the wreck and buoy marking the wreck are put on the chart where are they placed?
A.The Buoy is placed as close as possible to the wreck and the Wreck marks the actual site
B. The wreck buoy is offset from the buoys actual AP so wreck and buoy marks don’t overlap
C. The wreck buoy is marked right on top of the wreck mark
D. If the AP of the buoy is to close to the wreck location it is omitted from the chart and a special note is made.

B. The wreck buoy is offset from the buoys actual AP so wreck and buoy marks don’t overlap

Bowditch - Pg. 113

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What are Large Navigational Buoys referred to as? They are major floating aids to navigation that sometimes deploy in international waters. A. Large Automated Navigation Buoys B. Large Automatic Navigation Buoys C. Large International Navigation Buoys D. Large Safety Navigation Buoys

B. Large Automatic Navigation Buoys Bowditch - Pg. 113

Unscheduled maintenance is performed whenever a buoy is discrepant. What does this mean?

Not exhibiting the proper characteristics. Bowditch - Pg. 113

True / False: Many buoys that were reported as missing were actually run over and sunk.

True Bowditch - Pg. 113

Buoy symbols depicted on charts indicate the approximate position of what?

The sinker Bowditch - Pg. 114

What is a stationary, short range visual aid to navigation that is fixed to terra firma or the seabed via a foundation? What is another name for this?

1. Beacon 2. Fixed Aid Bowditch - Pg. 114

Light houses, lights, ranges, leading lights, daybeacons, Sound signals, RACONs and AIS-ATON all fall under the category of __________.

Beacons Bowditch - Pg. 114

What is the nominal range cutoff between major and minor lights? (Less than is a minor light and more than is a major light) A. 5 nm B. 10 nm C. 15 nm D. 20 nm

B. 10 nm Bowditch - Pg. 114

True / False: Minor lights are typically assigned a numbering, coloring and light scheme consistent with the apropriate lateral buoyage system.

True Bowditch - Pg. 114

These should never be used for precise navigation? A. Beacons B. Buoys C. Minor Lights D. All of the above

B. Buoys Bowditch - Pg. 114

True / False: The day signal for most major lights is the light structure itself.

True Bowditch - Pg. 114

This consists of two or more beacons positioned with respect to each other that when seen aligned they mark a line of definite bearing.

A range or range lights Bowditch - Pg. 114

How are range boards generally colored? A. Single color B. Duel color horizontally striped C. Duel Color Vertically striped D. Triple color Vertically striped

C. Duel color vertically striped Bowditch - Pg. 114

True / False: the front range is always higher than the rear range to enable mariners to align the ranges.

False. Rear range is always higher. Bowditch - Pg. 115

How is the color of range buoys selected? A. To correspond with the lateral buoyage system B. Selected based on the most conspicuous and least confusing signal to the mariner C. To correspond with the opposite of the local lateral buoyage system D. None of the above

B. Selected based on the most conspicuous and least confusing signal to the mariner. Bowditch - Pg. 115

True / False: Range structures located in adjacent navigable waters can pose a hazard to navigation and so they are typically augmented with additional or passing lights to alert mariners as to the location of the range structure.

True Bowditch - Pg. 115

Additional lights are typically mounted above the range light optic and have the same color and light characteristic as the _______ range light. Passing lights are mounted close to the surface and exhibit a ______ light and display light characteristics ________ (the same as / different than) the rear range light.

1. Front 2. White 3. Different than Bowditch - Pg. 115

What position is your vessel compared to the range line when looking at the below ranges?

Left of the range line Bowditch - Pg. 115

If your vessel is looking at the below ranges what position is it in, compared to the range line?

On the range line Bowditch - Pg. 115

If your vessel is looking at the below ranges what position in relation to the range line is it in?

To the right of the range line Bowditch - Pg. 114

These lights are also known as Port Entry Lights and have three or more sectors of different light colors relative to a predetermined bearing line, typically a channel centerline. A. Directional Lights B. Sector lights C. Range Lights D. Bearing Lights

A. Directional Lights Bowditch - Pg. 116

This can be identified by the color, shape and lateral number. The simplest form is a single pile with a day board affixed at or near its top. A. Range Light B. Light house C. Daybeacon D. Directional Light

C. Daybeacon Bowditch - Pg. 116

True / False: Daybeacons may be used to form an unlighted range.

True Bowditch - Pg. 116

On fixed bridges for each span what is the center of the navigable waterway marked with? A. 2 green lights B. 2 Red lights C. 2 White lights D. A diamond shaped day board

A. 2 green lights Bowditch - Pg. 116

Bridge piers on fixed bridges are required to be lighted with what? A. Red Lights B. White Lights C. Green Lights D. Amber Lights

A. Red Lights Bowditch - Pg. 116

On Swing bridges what lights must be shown on the end spans and center span when closed? When opened these lights are to show what color with the horizontal axis of the the bridge?

1. Red lights 2. Green lights Bowditch - Pg. 116

True / False Bascule Bridge span lights are required to show fixed red lights at the end of the span (s) when lifted and when completely open these lights turn green.

True Bowditch - Pg. 117

How are lift bridges marked with lights? A. They display 3 white overall lights at the center of the span B. They display 3 red lights when down and 3 white lights when lifted C. They display a red light at the center of the span when down and a green light is displayed when the span is completely open. D. They show red lights horizontally a crossed the span every 5 ft and green lights when lifted.

C. They display a red light at the center of the span when down and a green light is displayed when the span is completely open. Bowditch - Pg. 117

The period of darkness within the sequence of light is referred to as ___________.

Eclipse Bowditch - Pg. 117

Describe how a flashing 4 second light signal may be observed? A. .5 second period of light followed by 4 seconds eclipse per 4.5 seconds B. 4 seconds of light followed by 4 seconds of eclipse per 8 seconds C. .4 second period of light followed by a 3.6 second eclipse per 4 second sequence D. .6 seconds of light followed by 4 seconds of eclipse per 4 second sequence

C. .4 second period of light followed by a 3.6 second eclipse per 4 second sequence Bowditch - Pg. 117

True / False: The light signal color does not impact the light characteristic but adds to the distinguishing features of the ATON light signal.

True

This light type displays light for a much shorter period than the accompanying eclipse. This light type shows a period of light for a greater than the eclipse. This light type shows light for an equal period of time as the eclipse. This type of light will display more than one light within the specified sequence. This type of light signals display a specified number of flashes followed by a longer eclipse period. A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Group Flashing D. Flashing E. Alternating

1. D. Flashing 2. B. Occulting 3. A. Isophase 4. E. Alternating 5. C. Group Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 117

What does a quick flashing light in a lateral system typically indicate? A. Approaching shoal water B. A wreck or hazard is located near that location C. The axis of the waterway or channel changes direction at or near that location D. The light is marking the perimeter of the channel

C. The axis of the waterway or channel changes direction at or near that location Bowditch - Pg. 117

True / False: Most lighted aids to navigation are equipped with light sensors, daylight controls, that turn the light signal off during daylight.

True Bowditch - Pg. 117

What type of light is the illustration depicting? A. Flashing B. Fixed C. Occulting D. Group Occulting

B. Fixed Light Bowditch - Pg. 117

Name the light where the total duration of light in a period is longer than the total duration of darkness and the intervals of darkness are usually equal duration. The eclipses regularly repeat. A. Flashing B. Occulting C. Isophase D. Alternating

B. Occulting Bowditch - Pg. 117

Name the type of light in the diagram? A. Flashing B. Occulting C. Isophase D. Alternating

B. Occulting Bowditch - Pg. 117

Name the type of light in the diagram below? A. Group Occulting B. Composite Group Occulting C. Group Flashing D. Composite Group Flashing

A. Group Occulting Bowditch - Pg. 117

Name the light type that a group of eclipses, specified in number, is regularly repeated but successive groups in a period have different numbers of Eclipses. A. Group Occulting B. Composite Group Occulting C. Group Flashing D. Composite Group Flashing

B. Composite Group Occulting. Bowditch - Pg. 118

Name the type of light in the illustration? A. Group Occulting B. Composite Group Occulting C. Group Flashing D. Composite Group Flashing

B. Composite Group Occulting Bowditch - Pg. 118

What is the abbreviation for a Composite Group Occulting Light? What is the abbreviation for a Group Occulting Light? A. Oc. (2 + 1) B. Oc. (2) C. Oc. (2 + 1 + 1) D. Oc

1. A. Oc. (2 + 1) 2. B. Oc. (2) Bowditch - Pg. 118

Name type of light in the illustration. A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Flashing D. Group Flashing

A. Isophase Bowditch - Pg. 118

This is a type of light that flashes at a rate of less than 50 flashes per minute. A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Flashing D. Long flashing

C. Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 118

Name the type of light in the illustration. A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Flashing D. Group Flashing

C. Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 118

This is a single flashing light for which an appearance of light of not less than 2 sec. Duration is regularly repeated? What is the abbreviation? A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Flashing D. Long Flashing

1. D. Long Flashing 2. L.Fl. Bowditch - Pg. 118

What type of light is depicted in the illustration? A. Isophase B. Occulting C. Flashing D. Long Flashing

D. Long Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 118

What is the abbreviation for a Group Flashing Light? A. Fl. (2 + 1) B. Fl. (3) C. Fl. (2) D. Fl (3 + 1)

B. Fl. (3) Bowditch - Pg. 118

What type of Light is represented in the illustration? A. Isophase B.Composite group flashing C. Flashing D. Group Flashing

D. Group Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 118

What is the Light Type that is depicted in the picture below? A. Isophase B. Composite Group Flashing C. Flashing D. Group Flashing

B. Composite Group Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 118

What is the abbreviation for a Composite Group Flashing Light? A. Fl. (2 + 1) B. Fl. (3) C. Fl. (2) D. Fl (3 + 1)

A. Fl. (2 + 1) Bowditch - Pg. 118

When a light characteristic is a “Composite Group Flashing” what does this generally mean?

It has the same characteristics of the flashing group light but successive groups in a period have different numbers of flashes Bowditch - Pg. 118

At what rate does a quick flashing light repeat? A. Not less than 30 flashes per minute but less than 50 flashes per minute B. Not less than 60 flashes per minute C. Not less than 50 flashes per minute but less than 80 flashes per minute D. Not less than 80 flashes per minute

C. Not less than 50 flashes per minute but less than 80 flashes per minute Bowditch - Pg. 118

What is an abbreviation for a group quick flashing light? A. Q.(3) B. Q.(9) C. Q.(6)+L.Fl. D. All of the above

D. All of the above Bowditch - Pg.118

What is the Light Type depicted below? A. Isophase B. Composite Group Flashing C. Group Quick Flashing D. Group Flashing

C. Group Quick Flashing Bowditch Pg. 118

A light for which the sequence of quick flashes is interrupted by regular repeated eclipses of constant and long duration is what? A. Interrupted Quick Flashing B. Interrupting Quick Flashing C. Quick Flashing D. Group Interrupting Quick Flashing

A. Interrupted Quick Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 119

What is the Light Type dipicted in the diagram? A. Interrupted Quick Flashing B. Interrupted Very Quick Flashing C. Interrupted Ultra Quick Flashing D. Interrupted Flashing

A. Interrupted Quick Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 119

What is the rate of flashes per minute that a very quick flashing light displays? A. Greater than 60 flashes per minute but less than 80 B. Not less than 80 flashes per minute but less than 160 C. More than 80 flashes per minute D. Greater than 40 flashes per minute but less than 60

B. Not less than 80 flashes per minute but less than 160 Bowditch - Pg.119

What Light Type is shown in the illustration below? A. Flashing B. Quick Flashing C. Very Quick Flashing D. Group + any of the above

C. Very Quick Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 119

What light type is depicted in the illustration below? A. Group Quick Flashing B. Group Very Quick Flashing C. Composite Group Quick Flashing D. Composite Group Very Quick Flashing

B. Group Very Quick Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 119

what Light Type is the abbreviation V.Q. (6) + L.Fl represent? A. Group Very Quick Flashing B. Composite Group Very Quick Flashing C. Group Very Quick Flashing with a long flash at following the 6 very quick flashes D. Group Very Quick Flashing with a long eclipse following 6 very quick flashes.

C. Group Very Quick Flashing with a long flash at following the 6 very quick flashes Bowditch - Pg. 119

What is the abbreviation for Interrupted very quick flashing? What does it mean? A. I. V. Q. Fl B. V. Q. I. C. I.V.Q. D. V. Q. I. Fl.

1. C. I. V. Q. 2. A sequence of very quick flashes interupted by regularly repeated eclipses of constant and long duration. Bowditch - Pg.119

What Light Type is depicted in the illustration below? What is the abbreviation?

1. Ultra quick flashing 2. U. Q. Bowditch - Pg.119

What Light Type is depicted in the illustration below? A. Interrupted Very Quick Flashing B. Interrupted Ultra Quick Flashing C. Composite Interrupted Very Quick Flashing D. Composite Interrupted Ultra Quick Flashing

B. Interrupted Ultra Quick Flashing Bowditch - Pg. 119

What is a light for which appearances of light or two clearly different durations are grouped to represent a character or characters?

Morse Code Bowditch - Pg. 120

What is the light depicted in the illustration below? What is the abbreviation? A. Group Flashing B. Group Very Quick Flashing C. Morse Code (Uniform) D. Morse Code (Oscar)

1. C. Morse Code (Uniform) 2. Mo. (U) Bowditch - Pg. 120

What is the light depicted in the illustration below? What is the abbreviation for it?

1. Fixed and Flashing 2. F. Fl. Bowditch - Pg. 120

Pick the best definition for a fixed and flashing light? A. A light which is grouped into a longer than normal fixed light followed by a flashing light B. Two lights one which is fixed the other which is flashing spaced no further than 1 meter apart C. A light for which appearances of fixed light is combined with a flashing light of greater luminous intensity D. None of the above

C. A light for which appearances of fixed light is combined with a flashing light of greater luminous intensity Bowditch - Pg.120

What is the the Abbreviation for an alternate light? What is it? A. AL. B. Al. C. Alt. D. Alt. Lt. A. A light which shows alternating Light types. B. A light which shows alternating Intensities of lights C. A light showing different colors alternately D. A light which shows different eclipses alternately

1. B. Al. 2. C. A light showing different colors alternately Bowditch - Pg. 120

A light sector is the arc which a light is visible how is it described and from what point of view is it described? A. Relative from the point of view of observed from the light looking seaward B. True from the point of view of observed from the light looking seaward C. Relative from the point of view of observed from seaward looking to the light D. True from the point of view of observed from seaward looking to the light

D. True from the point of view of observed from seaward looking to the light Bowditch - Pg. 120

When different color sectors are displayed from a single light one or more of the sectors are typically this color indicating danger areas that mariners should avoid.

Red Bowditch - Pg. 120

True / False: The transition from one color to another for light sectors is abrupt.

False. It is not abrupt and can go through an arc of uncertainty of 2º or more. Bowditch - Pg. 120

True / False: Atmospheric conditions have a considerable impact on the distance at which an ATON light can be detected and recognized.

True Bowditch - Pg. 120

True / False: The distance of a light can be estimated by its apparent brightness.

True Bowditch - Pg. 120

This may be sometimes seen through the haze or reflection from low lying clouds when the light is beyond its geographical range. A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Loom D. None of the above

C. Loom Bowditch - Pg. 120

True / False: A bearing from the loom of a light beyond its geographic range should never be used for navigational purposes.

False. A Loom sometimes is defined enough to provide a good bearing. Bowditch - Pg. 120

If a light is not observed within a reasonable time after the predicted time what should the prudent mariner do?

Take a fix using alternate methods to confirm the vessel’s position. Bowditch - Pg. 121

True / False: The apparent characteristic of a complex light may change with the distance of the observer.

True. Upon approach an alternating white and red light may just show as a white flashing light until close enough to see the full characteristic. Bowditch - Pg. 121

The phenomenon of an approach to an alternating white and red light and only observing the white light at first has to do with what? A. The luminous range of the white light versus a red light B. The Intensity of the white light versus a red light C. The Geographic range of the white light versus the red light D. The tendency of the white lights refraction

C. The luminous range of the white light versus a red light Bowditch - Pg. 121

Name the three lights (red, white and green) according to their luminous ranges. (Greatest to Least)

1. White 2. Green 3. Red Bowditch - Pg. 121

True / False: A light signal with the same light source has different luminous and nominal ranges according to the color of the lens or glass.

True Bowditch - Pg. 121

True / False: Buoys fitted with bells, gongs or whistles actuated by wave motion may produce no sound.

True. If the sea is calm. Bowditch - Pg.121

What are sound signals designed for on buoys and beacons? A. To identify buoys for navigational purposes B. To allow the mariner to pass clear of the buoy or beacon during low visibility C. To alert the mariner about channel and fairway boundaries during low visibility D. All of the above

B. To allow the mariner to pass clear of the buoy or beacon during low visibility Bowditch - Pg.122

This is a type of sound signal produced with a slotted piston moving back and forth by compressed air. Blasts consist of a high and low tone. These alternate pitch tones are called two-toned. A. Horns B. Sirens C. Diaphones D. Whistles E. Bells and Gongs

C. Diaphones Bowditch - Pg. 122

This is a type of sound signals by means of a disc diaphragm operated pneumatically or electronically. Duplex or triplex units of differing pitch produce a chime signal. A. Horns B. Sirens C. Diaphones D. Whistles E. Bells and Gongs

A. Horns Bowditch - Pg. 122

This type of sound signals designed to produce sound with either a disc or a cup shaped motor actuated electronically or pneumatically. These are not used on U.S. Navigation aids. A. Horns B. Sirens C. Diaphones D. Whistles E. Bells and Gongs

B. Sirens Bowditch - Pg. 122

These types of sound signals designed to produce compressed air emitted through a circumferential slot into a cylindrical bell chamber. A. Horns B. Sirens C. Diaphones D. Whistles E. Bells and Gongs

D. Whistles Bowditch - Pg. 122

These types of sound signals designed to produce a sound by mechanically operated hammer. A. Horns B. Sirens C. Diaphones D. Whistles E. Bells and Gongs

E. Bells and Gongs Bowditch - Pg. 122

True / False: Under certain atmospheric conditions, when a sound signal has a combination high and low tone it is not unusual for one of the tones to be inaudible.

True Bowditch - Pg. 122

Two things the navigator should operate in addition to sound signals are what when operating in low visibility?

1. Radar 2. Fathometer Bowditch - Pg. 122

What kind of sound signals may be used at some of the light and fog signal stations when the main and stand-by sound signals are inoperative.

Emergency signals Bowditch - Pg. 122

Mariners should never assume these six things when it comes to sound signals. What are they?

1. They are out of ordinary hearing distance because s/he fails to hear the sound signals are inoperative. 2. Because they hear the signal faintly they are far from it. 3. Because they hear it clearly they are near to it 4. The distance from and the intensity of a sound on any one occasion is a guide for any future occasion. 5. That the sound signal is not sounding because they do not hear it even when in close proximity. 6. That the sound signal is emanating from the apparent direction the sound heard. Bowditch - Pg. 122

What are the two major types of Buoyage systems in the maritime world?

1. The Lateral System 2. The Cardinal System Bowditch - Pg. 122

the positions of marks in a lateral system are determined by what? Also what may determine this positions in some regions?

1. The general direction taken by the mariner when approaching port from seaward 2. With reference to the main stream of flood current Bowditch - Pg. 122

Which buoyage is best suited for coasts with numerous isolated rocks, shoals and islands and for dangers in the open sea?

The Cardinal System Bowditch - Pg. 122

Which of the two buoyage systems is better suited for well defined channels?

The lateral system Bowditch - Pg. 122

What are the two regions in the IALA Maritime Buoyage System that use the lateral system?

Region A and Region B Bowditch - Pg. 123

Which Region A or B has Red Buoys on the vessels starboard side upon return from sea? Which has them on the Port Side?

1.Region B 2. Region A Bowditch - Pg. 123

True / False: The rules for Region A use both a lateral system and cardinal system as buoy markers.

True Bowditch - Pg. 123

The IALA Maritime Buoyage System applies to all fixed and floating marks other than what? (6 other aids)

1. Light houses 2. Sector lights 3. Range lights 4. Day marks 5. Lightships 6. Large navigational buoys Bowditch - Pg. 123

What four things does the IALA Maritime Buoyage System indicate?

1. The side and Center-lines of navigable channels 2. Natural dangers, wrecks and other obstructions 3. Regulated navigation areas 4. Other important features Bowditch - Pg. 123

True / False: In general beacon top marks will have the same shape and colors as those used on buoys in the IALA Maritime Buoyage System.

True Bowditch - Pg. 123

What five types of top marks does the IALA Maritime Buoyage System use?

1. Lateral Marks: indicate port and starboard sides of channels 2. Cardinal Marks, named according to the four points of the compass 3. Isolated Danger Marks: erected on or moored direction on or over, dangers of limited extent. 4. Safe Water Marks, such as mid channel buoys 5. Special Marks: the purpose of which is apparent from reference to the chart or other nautical documents. Bowditch - Pg. 123

The significance of a mark by day depends on what (3 things)? By night (2 things)?

1. Color, Shape and Topmark 2. Light color and Phase characteristics Bowditch - Pg. 123

What are the possible 6 color combinations for marks in the IALA Maritime Buoyage System?

1. Red 2. Green 3. Yellow 4. Black and Yellow 5. Black and Red horizontal bands 6. Red and White vertical stripes Bowditch - Pg. 123

What are the five basic Buoy shapes?

1. Can 2. Cone 3. Sphere 4. Pillar 5. Spar Bowditch - Pg. 123

Which of the five types of buoy shapes have lateral significance (3 kinds)? Which have no special significance (2 kinds)?

1. Can, Conical and Spherical 2. Pillar and Spar Bowditch - Pg. 123

True / False: The term pillar is used to describe any Buoyage which is smaller than a large navigation buoy and which has a tall Central Structure on a broad base.

True Bowditch - Pg. 124

What are the four possible top marks used in the IALA Maritime Buoyage System?

1. Can 2. Conical 3. Spherical 4. X-Shaped Bowditch - Pg. 124

True / False: Red and Green lights may have any phase characteristic as the color alone is sufficient to show on which side they should passed.

True Bowditch - Pg. 124

White Group flashing (2) lights are usually reserved to indicate what? A. Lateral system in which side to pass B. Safe Water Marks C. Isolated Danger Marks D. Cardinal Marks

C. Isolated Danger Marks Bowditch - Pg. 124

White Long periods of light phase characteristics usually represent what? A. Lateral system in which side to pass B. Safe Water Marks C. Isolated Danger Marks D. Cardinal Marks

B. Safe Water Marks Bowditch - Pg. 124

White quick flashing phase characteristics usually indicate what? A. Lateral system in which side to pass B. Safe Water Marks C. Isolated Danger Marks D. Cardinal Marks

D. Cardinal Marks Bowditch - Pg. 124

Along the coasts of the United States the characteristics assume that proceeding from seaward constitutes a __________ directions which is a southern direction along the Atlantic Coast, A westerly direction along the Gulf of Mexico Coasts and a Northern Direction along the Pacific Coast.

Clockwise Bowditch - Pg. 124

What three things are cardinal marks used for?

1. Indicate that the deepest water in an area is on the named side of the mark. 2. Indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger 3. Emphasize a feature in a channel such as a bend junction, bifurcation or end of a shoal. Bowditch - Pg. 124

What way do Cardinal topmarks point to indicate North, South, East and West?

1. Cone shaped marks pointing Up 2. Cone shaped marks pointing Down 3. Cone shaped marks pointing away from each other (bases together) 4. Cone shaped marks pointing towards each other (points together) Bowditch - Pg. 124

Which mark is erected on or moored on or above an isolated danger of limited extent which has navigable water all around it?

Isolated Danger Mark Bowditch - Pg. 125

True or False: On a chart the position of a danger is the center of the symbol or sounding indicating that danger: an isolated danger buoy may therefore be slightly displaced from the geographic position to avoid overprinting the two symbols.

True Bowditch - Pg. 125

What does a black double sphere topmark display?

Isolated Danger Mark Bowditch - Pg. 125

What are the colors to represent an isolated danger marks? A. Black with one or more vertical lines B. Black with one or more horizontal lines C. Yellow with one or more vertical lines D. White with one or more horizontal lines

B. Black with one or more horizontal lines Bowditch - Pg. 125

What are the two shapes possible for an isolated danger mark?

1. Pillar 2. Spar Bowditch - Pg. 125

A group of how many flashes indicate an isolated danger mark?

Two flashes Bowditch - Pg. 125

What kind of marks are used to indicate that there is navigable water all around the mark. These marks are used to as a center line, mid channel or land fall Buoy.

Safe Water Marks Bowditch - Pg. 125

What color indication is used for safe water marks? A. Red and White Vertical Stripes B. Red and White Horizontal Stripes C. Black and White Vertical Stripes D. Black and White Horizontal Stripes

A. Red and White Vertical Stripes Bowditch - Pg. 125

What three types of shapes are used for safe water marks?

1. Spherical Buoys 2. Pillar Buoys 3. Spar Buoys Bowditch - Pg. 125

What kind of top mark is used to indicate safe water marks on spar or pillar buoys? A. Single White Spherical with a Red Stripe B. Single white Spherical C. Single Red Spherical D. Single Black Spherical

C. Single Red Spherical Bowditch - Pg. 125

When lighted what kind of light can a safe water buoy exhibit? (4 possible lights)

1. Occulting 2. Isophase 3. Single Long Flash 4. Morse “A” Bowditch - Pg. 125

If a long flash is used for a safe water mark what must be the period of the light?

10 seconds. (As a memory aid remember that safe water marks have single spherical top marks) Bowditch - Pg. 125

What six things may a special mark be used for to indicate a special area?

1. Ocean Data Acquisition System (ODAS) Buoys 2. Traffic Separation Marks 3. Spoil Ground Marks 4. Military Exercise Zone Marks 5. Cable or Pipeline Marks 6. Recreation Zone Marks Bowditch - Pg. 125

What two things must a special mark buoy shape not conflict with?

1. Lateral 2. Safe Water Mark Bowditch - Pg. 126

When the top mark for a special mark is used it takes the form of what?

A single yellow X Bowditch - Pg. 126

What color is the light and what characteristic may it exhibit? A. White and exhibit a single long flash B. Yellow and exhibit an Isophase C. Yellow and exhibit any phase except those used for white lights of cardinal, isolated danger and safe water marks D. White and exhibit any phase except those used for white lights of isolated danger and safe water marks

C. Yellow and exhibit any phase except those used for white lights of cardinal, isolated danger and safe water marks Bowditch - Pg. 126

This is a newly discovered hazard for navigation not yet shown on charts, including sailing directions or announced by Notice to Mariners?

A New Danger Bowditch - Pg. 126

If a lighted mark is used for a new danger what must it exhibit? A. A quick flashing or very quick flashing light B. If a cardinal mark is used a white light C. If a lateral mark is used a red or green light D. All of the above

D. All of the above Bowditch - Pg. 126

True / False: The Racon of a new danger’s duplicate mark may be Morse coded “D” showing a signal length of 1 nautical mile on radar.

True Bowditch - Pg. 126

How are AIS stations marked on the chart? A. An AIS text only B. A black circle with AIS text in the middle C. A red circle with AIS text in the middle D. A magenta circle with AIS text in the middle

D. A magenta circle with AIS text in the middle. Bowditch - Pg. 126

True / False: According to IALA rules radar reflectors must be charted and carry a RR symbol on the chart.

False. They are not charted because of two reasons: All major buoys are fitted with radar reflectors and it is necessary to reduce the size and complexity of buoy symbols and associated legends. Finally it is understood that in the case of cardinal buoys buoyage authorities place the reflector so that it cannot be mistaken for a topmark. Bowditch - Pg. 126

What region has the United States adopted in the IALA System?

Region B Bowditch - Pg. 126

True / False: The primary objective of the USATONS is to mitigate transit risks to promote the safe, economic and efficient movement of military, commercial and other vessels by assisting navigators in determining their position, a safe course and warning them of dangers and obstructions.

True Bowditch - Pg. 126

What color and shape are the day boards for green and red buoys?

1. Green square 2. Red Triangle Bowditch - Pg. 127

When buoys have green and red horizontal stripes which stripe indicates the preferred channel?

The topmost band Bowditch - Pg. 127

True / False: Reflective material is placed on buoys and beacon day boards to assist in their detection at night. The color of the reflective material agrees with the aid to navigation color.

True Bowditch - Pg. 127

Unlighted Red buoys have what shape? Unlighted Green buoys have what shape? Unlighted red and white vertically striped buoys may have what shape?

1. Nuns 2. Cans 3. Pillar or Spherical Bowditch - Pg. 127

Beacon dayboards have a shape significance. Red boards are ______ shaped and green boards are _________ shaped what are safe water beacons marked with and what shape are they?

1. Triangle shaped 2. Square shaped 3. Marked with and octagonal shaped red and white vertically colored boards Bowditch - Pg. 127

All solid colored buoys and beacons are numbered Red ATON exhibits ______ (odd / even) numbers and Green ATON exhibits ______ numbers (odd / even) number values _______ (increase / decrease) from seaward upstream or toward land.

1. Red = even 2. Green = odd 3. Increase from seaward upstream or toward land Bowditch - Pg. 127

Red lights are used on which of the following? A. Red Buoys and beacons B. Isolated Danger Marks C. Horizontally banded square shaped day boards D. All of the above

A. Red Buoys and Beacons Horizontally banded triangle shaped day boards would apply with the top most color red. Bowditch - Pg. 128

Green lights are used on which of the following? A. Green Buoys and Beacons B. Safe Water Marks C. Horizontally banded triangle shaped day boards D. All of the above

A. Green Buoys and Beacons Horizontally banded square shaped day boards with the top most color green would also apply as well as green and red horizontally banded buoys with the top most color of green. Bowditch - Pg. 128

White lights are used on which of the following? A. Safe Water Buoys and Beacons showing Morse Code “A” B. Information Buoys and Beacons C. Regulatory Buoys and Beacons D. All of the above

D. All of the above Bowditch - Pg. 128

Lights on Red and Green buoys if not occulting or Isophase will generally be _______. A. Flashing B. Quick Flashing C. Very Quick Flashing D. Long Flashing

A. Flashing Less than 50 flashes per minute Bowditch - Pg. 128

True / False: Lights on preferred channel Buoys will show a series of group flashes with successive groups in a period having a different number of flashes - composite group flashing.

True Bowditch - Pg. 128

True / False: Lights on safe water buoys will always show a white Morse Code “A” flash recurring.

True Bowditch - Pg. 128

Buoys for special purpose are colored ______ if lighted they have a _______ colored light the frequency of which is either _______ or _________.

1. Yellow 2. Yellow 3. Fixed 4. Slow flash Bowditch - Pg. 128

Informational or regulatory purpose Buoys are colored _______ with _______ colored bands. If lighted they display this colored light.

1. White 2. Orange 3. White lights Bowditch - Pg. 128

What do Red and Green Buoys with a yellow triangle shaped day boards represent what? A. Lateral Buoys in the U.S. inland system B. Lateral Buoys on the ICW C. Safe Water Buoys D. Special Purpose Buoys

B. Lateral Buoys on the ICW Bowditch - Pg. 128

True / False: Where the ICW intersects with another federally maintained channel the ICW will be marked with either a yellow triangle or yellow square affixed to the buoy or day board.

True Bowditch - Pg. 128

Who are Private Aids to Navigation (PATON) are established, operated and maintained by who? A. USCG B. State Authorities C. Armed Forces D. None of the above

D. None of the above. Entities other than the USCG, State Authorities, or Armed Forces Bowditch - Pg. 131

What are the three classes of PATONs?

1. Class 1. Aids to navigation on marine structures or other works which the owners are legally obligated to establish, maintain and operate 2. Class 2. Navigation exclusive of Class 1 located in waters used by general navigation 3. Class 3. Aids to navigation exclusive of Class 1 located in waters not ordinarily used by general navigation Buoys are not numbered and shore structures not numbered laterally. Bowditch - Pg. 131

Who is responsible for inspecting PATONs and can do so at any time without prior notice?

USCG Bowditch - Pg. 131

True / False: No person, excluding the Armed Forces shall obstruct or interfere with any aid to navigation established and maintained by the USCG or any private aid to navigation.

True Bowditch - Pg. 131

Bowditch - Ch. 7 Nav. Aids Flashcards

(181 cards)