Puget Sound Pilots > Shipboard Bridge Resource Management - Adams > Flashcards

Shipboard Bridge Resource Management - Adams Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the theory of BRM?

A

By recognizing human behaviors and links to each other we can avoid or make allowances for unwanted behaviors and interrupt the undesirable series of events.
Adams - Pg. 2

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2
Q

Human factors are found to be what significant contribution in marine catastrophes?
A. 10 - 25%
B. 50 - 65%
C. 75 - 95%
D. 1%

A

C. 75 - 95%
Adams - Pg. 2

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3
Q

What is the goal of BRM?
How is it achieved?

A
  1. The goal of BRM is to help mariners operate their ships successfully
  2. By identifying and modifying their behaviors.
    Adams - Pg. 3
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4
Q

True / False: One or two violations of BRM Principles always results in a crisis of some kind?

A

True
Adams - Pg. 3

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5
Q

What is the most important interrelationships among the bridge resources?

A

The mate and everyone
Adams - Pg. 4

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6
Q

What are three navigation resources available on any ship?

A

equipment, information and humans
Adams - Pg. 4

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7
Q

What is a voyage plan? (three kinds of documents)

A
  1. Documents created in advance of intended transits eexecution
  2. Documents with way poitns of an intended transit
  3. documents with ETAs for an intended transits
    Adams - Pg. 4
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8
Q

An incomplete executed plan is often the basis for _______.

A

Disaster
Adams - Pg. 4

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9
Q

What must a prudent seaman have in addition to a plan.

A

A back up plan or contingency plan.
Adams - Pg. 5

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10
Q

True / False: Poor execution of any plan primary or contingent can also lead to disaster.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 5

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11
Q

Checklists of requirements for operations and routine evolutions usually provided by the company is known as what?

A

Standardized procedures
Adams - Pg. 5

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12
Q

True / False: Situational awareness is more than knowing what is going on around you.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 6

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13
Q

In addition to knowing what is going on around you having an accurate ________ of what is going on is imporant. Verifying that what you are seeing is what should be happening.

A

Perception
Adams - Pg. 6

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14
Q

What is humans checking information and humans checking humans?

A

cross checking
Adams - Pg. 6

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15
Q

Why is bridge personnel usually increased when arriving or departing port?

A

The number of jobs exceeds the ability of one person to do
Adams - Pg. 6

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16
Q

When the vigilance of watch standers goes down when more watch standers are added to the bridge this is called _________.

A

Complacency
Adams - Pg. 7

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17
Q

True / False: Individuals who are not actively contributing to the handling and navigation of the ship may become distractions to those who are working.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 7

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18
Q

True / False: Communication means talking, reading or listening and this is the crux of effective communication.

A

False. The crux is actually understanding what is going on and paying attention to what is being said.
Adams - Pg. 7

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19
Q

True / False: The least experienced individual may be more perceptive than the most experienced individual in some situations.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 9

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20
Q

True / False: In order to fully integrate a pilot all members of the bridge team including pilot must be on the same page.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 9

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21
Q

What can speaking a foreign language do for someone who does not speak the language.

A

Exclude them
Adams - Pg. 9

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22
Q

What statement is true concerning maritime accidents?
A. Usually a large maritime inicident can be attributed to one mistake
B. Even if multiple individual errors are fixed a catastrophe will probably still occur
C. Rarely is a mishap attributed to a single catastrophic cause
D. all of the above

A

C. Rarely is a mishap attributed to a single catastrophic cause
Adams - Pg. 10

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23
Q

True / False: A good plan will be developed from good information like publications and appropriate up to date charts with infor on local vessel traffic services reviewed.

A

True
Adams - Pg. 26

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24
Q

Computing ship’s draft gives us ________.
A. Displacement
B. Deadweight tonnage
C. Air Draft
D. None of the above

A

C. Air Draft
Adams - Pg. 26

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25
True / False: If the depth of your ship exceeds the depth of water you are most certainly aground.
True Adams - Pg. 26
26
After a ship is at the final marks what can change the ship's draft after the voyage is underway.
Squat Adams - Pg. 26
27
What are two things the mariner should know to not go aground?
Draft and Depth of water Adams - Pg. 28
28
What is a plan that is made to anticipate the unexpected?
Contingency Plan Adams - Pg. 29
29
What are the two options when on a voyage and things are not as we thought they were?
1. Change the plan 2. Stop the voyage Adams - Pg. 29
30
If things are truly wrong the prudent mariner will _______. A. Return to berth B. Anchor the vessel C. Slow the vessel down D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 29
31
True / False: The Exxon Valdez disaster resulted from poor planning.
False. Poor execution Adams - Pg. 30
32
When we execute a plan and compare it to what we actually experience this is called what?
Voyage Monitoring Adams - Pg. 30
33
This is a mutually agreed upon understanding of the voyage where and when turns will be made, what the environmental conditions will be, when and where the speed will be adjusted, what unexpected conditions can be anticipated and what contingency plans exist.
A shared mental model Adams - Pg. 30
34
The Exxon Valdez disaster is an example of ___________. A. poor voyage planning B. no shared mental model C. poor voyage monitoring D. B and C only E. All of the above
D. B and C only Adams - Pg. 32
35
What can help ensure the development of a good shared mental model.
Pre-transit conference Adams - Pg. 31
36
What is the one person error?
If only one person understands what is supposed to happen on a ship or boat and that person makes a mistake catastrophe can result. Adams - Pg. 32
37
True / False STCW standards require the consultation between chief engineer and captain prior to a voyage.
True Adams - Pg. 31
38
True / False: The purpose of voyage planning is to provide us with early objective indications when things are amiss.
True Adams - Pg. 33
39
What goes into voyage planning? (7 things)
1. laying out courses 2. getting the best possible information on environmental conditions 3. know our ship 4. understand our route 5. develop contingency plans 6.involve everyone with the planning process (shared mental model) 7. voyage monitoring Adams - Pg. 32
40
These are practices we follow every time we undertake an operation.
Standardized procedures Adams - Pg. 36
41
Standardized procedures impose _________ so that we will do things the same the right way, every time. A. repetition B. consistency C. Regularity D. All of the above
consistency Adams - Pg. 36
42
Standarized procedures include: A. government regulations B. Checklists, Station bills, voyage plans C. Captain standing orders D. Company rules E. All of the above
E. All of the above Adams - Pg. 36
43
Where are the highest levels of standardized procedures? A. Ship's Captain B. Company rules C. Government regulations D. None of the above
C. Government regulations Adams - Pg. 36
44
True / False: STCW requirements are standardized procedures set by the convention on standards for training, certification and watch keeping for seafarers.
True Adams - Pg. 36
45
How does the USCG implement International Standardized procedures?
Through CFRs Adams - Pg. 36
46
This is a set of standardized procedures that is based on the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
Rules of the Road (COLREGS) Adams - Pg. 37
47
What is a standized procedure that effects vessels everyday when underway?
COLREGS Adams - Pg. 37
48
True / False The only real limitation on the ability of states to regulate ship's is that the rules of states must not conflict with the federal rules.
True Adams - Pg. 37
49
These standardized procedures include minor additions to the standing orders provide specific guidance about courses speeds and intentions for the night and warn watch standers of expected but unusual occurrences.
Night Orders Adams - Pg. 40
50
What standardized procedure addresess the adversity that a ship's crew may go through?
Station Bill Adams - Pg. 38
51
Which of the following may have standardized procedures attached to it? A. Cargo Handling Preparations B. Reduced Visibility Procedures C. Man Overboard Evolutions D. Propulsion or Steering Failures E. All of the above
E. All of the above Adams - Pg. 38
52
What is the hierarchy of rules? A. Captain's Orders B. Government Rules C. Company Policy
Government Rules override Company Policy which Override Captain's Orders Adams - Pg. 40
53
What is an example of a maneuvring station bills requirements? A. Master, watch officer, helmsman and lookout in the wheel house B. An other officer and deck hand be standing by the anchor when maneuvering C. An extra watch officer is required on the bridge during traffic or fog D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 41
54
Their were six standardized procedures that were broken when the Exxon Valdez ran aground what were they?
1. Chief Mate and Captain both away from the bridge - undermanned 2. Ship in autopilot in pilotage waters 3. third mate did not call his relief because he wanted to remain on watch 4. two empty beer bottles in Captain Stateroom 5. Captain was a liscenced pilot and not on the bridge 6. Captain consumed alcohol at 1900 and sailed at 2112 Adams - Pg. 41
55
What is the definition of situational awareness?
Having an accurate perception of what is going on around you. Adams - Pg. 59
56
True / False: In order to have good situational awareness you should compare what is happening around you with what should be happening.
True Adams - Pg. 59
57
What did the royal majestys second mate and the Eisenhowers captain have in common? A. They both were fully unaware of their circumstances B. They were both fully aware of their circumstances C. They bother knew some of their circumstances but did not have a full and accurate picture D. They have nothing in common
C. They both knew some of their circumstances but did not have a full and accurate picture Adams - Pg. 59
58
_________ is integral to situational awareness. A. Voyage Planning B. Voyage Monitoring C. Standard Operating Procedures D. Captain's Standing Orders
B. Voyage Monitoring Adams - Pg. 59
59
Although conscious comparison of our plan vs. reality is one technique for situational awareness what is another? A. The Seaman's eye B. Following the passage plan to a T C. Ignoring poor data / information D. None of the above
A. The Seaman's eye Adams - Pg. 60
60
What is the foundation for situational awareness and voyage monitoring? 2 things
1. Planning 2. Standardized procedures Adams - Pg. 65
61
What is it called when the things we have planned and anticipated do not match with what we are experiencing.
Ambiguity Adams - Pg. 60
62
True / False: We only may find out when something is amiss with alittle self-doubt or healthy skepticism.
True Adams - Pg. 61
63
When a GPS defaults to DR mode like in the Royal Magesty what does it relay on only? two things
1. gyro compass inputs 2. speed logs Adams - Pg. 64
64
How many instances of ambiguity did the 2nd mate fail to resolve in the Royal Majesty? What were they?
1. 3 1. No lights should have been on the Portside 2. No blue and white water should have been dead ahead 3. two look outs reported more lights on the port side Adams - Pg. 64
65
True / False: Every member of the bridge team should share in their own individual situational awareness to ensure there is good overall situational awareness.
True Adams - Pg. 60
66
True / False: The sailors sixth sense is a legitimate BRM tool.
True Adams - Pg. 60
67
What could the OOD or JOOD told the Captain to avoid the whole disaster on the Dwight Einsenhower? A. Rudder commands B. Speed change C. Course change D. The presence of the Urduliz
B. Speed Change Not having the important piece of information (speed) was essential to his situational awareness. Adams - Pg. 61 - 62
68
True / False: The truly conscientious seaman will not be satisfied with just looking for ambiguity rather he or she will continuously question what is seen heard and felt.
True Adams - Pg. 61
69
What two unplanned occurrences and one expected occurrence in the case of the Dwight D. Einsenhower should have brought everyone's attention to the possibility that something was wrong?
1. Speed change with a lack of fix 2. expected course change Adams - Pg. 62
70
This entire concept is built up from voyage planning to standardized procedures to situational awareness.
BRM concept Adams - Pg. 65
71
What was the reason the Royal Majesty was giving off faulty position?
The GPS was in DR mode Adams - Pg. 64
72
What is a lack of stress that causes us to over look some things that are important?
complacency Adams - Pg. 71
73
This can limit the ability for a sailor to see things and also cloud judgement?
Fog Adams - Pg. 67
74
True / False: The Seaman's eye provides a feeling of confidence that the GPS although extremely accurate cannot.
True Adams - Pg. 67
75
In which way did the Lash Atlantico Captain react to the stress of the fog? A. lost control mentally and physically useless B. Found a single task that he knew how to do well and concentrated on that C. Remained competent at a few tasks but ignored others D. Rose to the occasion, set priorities and began solving the most important problems first
B. Found a single task that he knew how do do well and concentrated on that Adams - Pg. 70
76
True / False: We need a little bit of stress in order to stay alert and concentrate on our jobs.
True Adams - Pg. 71
77
What are four different ways people react to stress?
1. Some people just lose control both mentally and physically and become useless 2. Some people find some one thing that they know how to do well and concentrate on that to the exclusion of everything else 3. Some people remain competent at a few tasks but ignore others 4. Some people rise to the occasion, set priorities and begin solving the most important problems first Adams - Pg. 70
78
When things become ________ stress levels go down.
familiar Adams - Pg. 71
79
Stress levels shoot up when things become ________.
Unfamiliar Adams - Pg. 71
80
What is a way we can reduce stress when entering and departing port? A. Post more lookouts B. Add bridge personnel C. Slow the vessel down D. Anchor the vessel
B. Add bridge personnel Adams - Pg. 72
81
At what part of a voyage are the stress levels elevated the most? (two parts)
1. The beginning 2. The end Adams - Pg. 72
82
Sometimes when individual watch standers are added what happens to vigilance?
it decreases Adams - Pg. 72
83
What is an active distraction?
One that forces the useful worker to take his or her mind off the task at hand. Adams - Pg. 73
84
What is a passive distraction?
One that allows but doesnt force a useful worker to take his or her mind off the job. Adams - Pg. 73
85
True / False: Routine bridge operations can create both distractions and complacency at the same time.
True Adams - Pg. 73
86
In what ways on Noordam's approach to SW Pass was there complacency? (name three things)
1. Failure to aske about O/B traffic 2. Failure to plot targets 3. Failure to keep a good visible watch Adams - Pg. 79
87
What could have the C/M on the Noordam done to reduse the distraction and keep the standardized procedures?
Relieved the watch at 2030 and announced end of voyage. Adams - Pg. 79
88
What is the down side to adding more bridge personnel? (hint what goes up and what goes down)
Vigilance goes down and distractions go up Adams - Pg. 72
89
True / False: A routine watch should not be routine it should be a constant challenge.
True Adams - Pg. 80
90
True / False: The CFRs prohibit personnel from the pilot house not connected with the navigation of the vessel.
True Adams - Pg. 80
91
What are two ways to manage stress while remembering that some stress is essential to success?
1. Use the voyage plan while also practicing voyage monitoring to keep our stress levels sufficiently high 2. We can call for additional help on the bridge when visibility deteriourates or traffic becomes dense. Adams - Pg. 80
92
This is the successful exchange or transfer of information from one human being to another.
communication Adams - Pg. 84
93
Communication can come in what five ways?
1. verbal 2. Nonverbal 3. Electronic 4. Written 5. Visual Adams - Pg. 84
94
What are three barriers to communication?
1. great distances 2. extraneous noises 3. intervening objects Adams - Pg. 84
95
The communication must be ________ so that the exchange of information will be successfull.
effective Adams - Pg. 84
96
What are five things that are the clue to the meaning of what we say by how we say it?
1. inflection 2. tone of voice 3. volume 4. facial expression 5. gestures Adams - Pg. 85
97
Why is face to face interaction so effective? A. Both parties can pick up on visual or aural clues to help clarify words B. Both parties can hear each other C. Both parties can see each other D. Both parties can gauge the other's reactions
Both parties can pick up on visual or aural clues to help clarify words Adams - Pg. 85
98
What is the best way t overcome communication barriers? A. use a radio B. use hand signals C. talk face to face D. send an email
C. Talk face to face Adams - Pg. 85
99
What are 4 devices we can use to overcome communication barriers?
1. phones 2. radios 3. hand gestures 4. emails Adams - Pg. 85
100
Words in communicaiton carry what percentage of the meaning of the communication? how is the rest conveyed? ( 3 things)
1. 40% 2. by tone, body language, and gestures Adams - Pg. 86
101
What is the most important factor in making face to face communication? A. getting your point a crossed B. Making sure the other person hears you C. Making sure the other person sees you D. Processing the feedback from the other person
D. processing the feedback from the other person. If the message is not truly understood and correctly acknowledged the speaker or sender knows that because of the feedback. Adams - Pg. 86
102
True / False: The 3/M on the Exxon Valdez correctly acknowledged and truly understood the lookouts report of the red flashing light on the ship's starboard bow and incorrect buoy light.
False. He acknowledged the report but did not truly understand it. Adams - Pg. 86
103
Aside from face to face what is the next most effective means of conversation and what is the least? A. Phone or Radio B. Hand Signals C. Written B. Email
1. A phone or radio 2. written Adams - Pg. 87
104
What are three benefits for written communication?
1. Written guidance is better than no communication, when the Captain is not there to direct Standing Orders offers a watch officer some guidance. 2. Written guidance is consistant, the wording doesn't change 3. An individual can always refer back written guidance Adams - Pg. 88
105
True / False: Having a universal language to the language barrier is the universal solution.
False: limits in vocabulary, accents and normal radio communications hinder that problem. Adams - Pg. 89
106
What is the one barrier that might make comms inmpossible?
Language Adams - Pg. 89
107
How did the language barrier contribute to the collision between Mount Ymitos and Noordam? A. Mount Ymitos Captain hailed the ship coming into South Pass instead of SW Pass B. The Mt. Ymitos Captain spoke with a heavy accent C. Officers on the noordam were also listening in a second language D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 90
108
What was the major contribuition to the collision of the Lash Atlantico and Hellenic Carrier in heavy fog? A. No fog signals deployed B. No radio communications C. Radars not operating correctly D. All of the above
B. No Radio Communications between the two ships Adams - Pg. 91
109
True / False: Language barriers exist with in the confines of the same language.
True Adams - Pg. 93
110
True / False: With in the subset of military marines, abbreviations, acrosnyms and even simple letters and numbers begin to take on meanings that are confusing to the layman.
True Adams - Pg. 93
111
What is an example of when a collision occured where everyone on the bridge spoke the same language and had face to face communication? A. Bright Field B. Noordam C. Einsenhower D. All of the above
C. Einsenhower All spoke English and all with in 40 ft of one another Adams - Pg. 93
112
True / False: Clear, accurate and accepted communications are successful anything less is failed communication.
True Adams - Pg. 95
113
What is the biggest drawback of written communications? A. Missspelled words B. it is not subjected to change in words C. their are no visual or aural clues to amplify or clarify the meaning D. All of the above
C. Their are no visual or aural clues to amplify or clarify the meaning Adams - Pg. 95
114
True / False: It is often the case that long term and short term fatigue leads or at least contributes to, the very planning, communications and situational awareness failures that seem to be the cause of a mishap.
True Adams - Pg. 108
115
What is often overlooked when investigating a catastrophe because other factors seem to outweigh it? A. Communication failures B. loss of situational awareness C. Inadequate planning D. Fatigue
D. Fatigue Adams - Pg. 108
116
What are some side effects of being tired? (7 things)
1. Not thinking clearly 2. Overlooking things 3. Judgement deteriorates 4. Perceptions diminish 5. Impatient with ourselves and others 6. Loose concentration 7. Concentrate on one thing to the exclusion of others Adams - Pg. 109
117
How should changes in our circadian rhythm be made?
Slowly and Incrementally Adams - Pg. 109
118
This is the cycle at which we go about our day to day in regards to sleep and wake hours.
Circadian rhythm Adams - Pg. 109
119
When are humas the least alert? A. the very early morning B. the mid morning C. the mid afternoon D. the evening
The very early morning Adams - Pg. 109
120
Most humans need how many hours of sleep in a 24 hour period?
8 hours Adams - Pg. 110
121
What is REM sleep and NREM sleep and how long are the cycles?
1. REM sleep is dream sleep and NREM sleep is non dream sleep 2. 90 min long Adams - Pg. 110
122
If we do not get 8 hours of sleep and we do not get naps to make up for it we suffer from ___________.
sleep deficiency Adams - Pg. 110
123
REM sleep and NREM sleep alternates in cycles of ______ mins.
90 mins Adams - Pg. 110
124
Which of the below will we feel more fully rested? why? A. 2 hours of sleep B. 3 hours of sleep C. 4 hours of sleep D. 4.5 hours of sleep
1. B. 3 hours of sleep 2. Based on 90 min cycle Adams - Pg. 110
125
We can expect a greater probability of mishap by which individuals? A. have suffered minor sleep deprivation for any period of time B. suffered from accumulated sleep for several days in a row C. are finishing their normal work period (end of watch) D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 111
126
True / False: If you lose 1 or 2 hours of sleep for several nights in a row you can recover with one good night of rest.
False Adams - Pg. 111
127
How many days during which we lose 2 hours of sleep each night is the equivalant of loosing a full nights sleep?
4 days Adams - Pg. 111
128
Why do many shipboard accidents occur between 0700 - 0900? (2 reasons)
1. That is around the time most watches change over 2. that is peak transit hours to the dock Adams - Pg. 112
129
True / False: Peak accident times occur around the usual watch change hours.
True Adams - Pg. 112
130
Were the Captain, Navigator, Officer of the deck of the Einsenhower well rested?
No They either lacked sleep or their sleep was interrupted. Adams - Pg. 112
131
USCG Statistical data shows that 18% of all significant shipboard mishaps occur between what hours?
0700 - 0900 Adams - Pg. 113
132
How did sleep deprivation effect the Exxon Valdez? A. The third mate stayed 30 min more on watch B. The chief Mate was fatigued after being up during cargo ops C. The Captain had been up all night from fog D. A and B only
B. The Chief Mate was fatigued after being up during cargo ops Adams - Pg. 113
133
What is the best way to combat fatigue?
Get an adequate rest each and everyday Adams - Pg. 113
134
Approximately what percentage of the US population suffers from dangerous levels of rest each and every day? A. 4 - 6% B. 20 - 25% C. 10 - 15% D. 50%
A. 4 - 6% Adams - Pg. 113
135
According to the CFRs how many hours of rest are required a day and how many are continuous?
10 hours and 6 hours must be continuous Adams - Pg. 114
136
What is the first way that fatigue effects someone? What is the second way? What is the third way? A. Causes less communication B. Causes slower work habits w/mistakes C. impairs judgement D. Makes you become less alert
1. impairs your judgement 2. Causes less communication 3. Causes slower work habits w/mistakes Adams - Pg. 114
137
Which consequence of fatigue is the most difficult to overcome?
decrease in communication Adams - Pg. 114
138
What consequence of fatigue is more subtle and difficult to perceive but perhaps the most dangerous?
loss of judgement Adams - Pg. 114
139
Where did the lapse in judgement for the Captain of the World Prodigy start to show? A. When he sent for the 2/M B. When he sent the C/M to do calculations C. When he didn't follow up on locating the 2/M or add any one else to the wheel house D. When he lost patience with the C/M
C. When he didn't follow up with the 2/M location or get any other assistance to the bridge. Adams - Pg. 116
140
What was the biggest sign that the pilot on the fair princess was suffering from fatigue and things were not right? A. Lack of communication B. lapse in judgement C. slower course changes D. Irritability
A. Lack of communication He didn't speak about the traffic Adams - Pg. 116
141
What is the most dangerous time for any vessel after a long voyage?
Making landfall Adams - Pg. 116
142
What symptom of fatigue was it when the Captain of the World Prodigy did not aske the Chief Mate to stay when he wanted to re-calculate? A. Irritation with others B. Slower work habits C. Single mindedness D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 117
143
What hall mark of fatigue caused the World Prodigy to go aground? A. Deteriorating judgement B. Concentration on secondary matters C. Failure to communicate D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 117
144
The pilot is looking out for the best interests of _________ and will conduct the ship operation with their best interest in mind.
The government Adams - Pg. 124
145
What is the Captain's authority and responsibility on board when a pilot has the con on the bridge?
Captain retains his or her authority and responsibility for ship's safety. Adams - Pg. 124
146
This is when the ship's crew takes advantage of the pilot's abilities while maintaining control of their own vessel.
Pilot integration Adams - Pg. 125
147
Where does the burden lie to ensure their is full pilot integration with the bridge team?
The Pilot and the crew Adams - Pg. 125
148
True / False: Even though the ship pays the pilot the pilot's license is controlled by the government.
True Adams - Pg. 125
149
Exactly what information is to be exchanged in a pilot master exchange is up to to whom?
The Captain and the Pilot Adams - Pg. 125
150
True / False: When Pilot use is voluntary Pilot integration is as well.
False. Adams - Pg. 125
151
What does STCW and CFRs mandate that ship's pilot and Captain exchange information about? (two things)
1. Ship's characteristics 2. local navigation Adams - Pg. 125
152
A table showing the ship's handling characteristics is required to be posted. What are three options for pilot integration?
1. Characteristics can be copied and given to the pilot 2. Showing the pilot where they are posted 3. include these on the pilot card Adams - Pg. 127
153
True / False: There is never a time when the pilot does not give orders for handling the ship and making speed adjustments.
False. Sometimes the pilot offers guidance. Adams - Pg. 130
154
The crew should make sure to share the voyage plan with the pilot and the pilot shares his ___________.
Mental model Adams - Pg. 127
155
Who's obligation is it to ensure the officer of the watch, the helmsman and other bridge personnel know who is giving orders for ship's maneuvering?
The Captain Adams - Pg. 130
156
According to the American Pilots Association, is a compulsory state pilot a member of the the bridge team or an advisor to the Captain? Why or why not?
1. No 2. No 3. Because of the duty that licensing and regulatory authorities, state and federal , require compulsory pilots take all reasonable actions to prevent ships under their navigational control from engaging in unsafe operations. Adams - Pg. 131
157
True / False: the captain remains the authority and responsibility for the safety of the ship. If the pilot's actions become manifestly unreasonable or irrational the master must be prepared to take the ship control.
True Adams - Pg. 131
158
True / False: The ship's interests and the government's interest are usually the same.
True Adams - Pg. 131
159
If a pilot does something that the captain does not understand how should the Captain proceed?
As the pilot why he is doing what ever it is he is doing. Adams - Pg. 132
160
A well run ship will ensure that the pilot knows about which of the following? A. Muster Stations B. Emergency Procedures C. Crew Assignments D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 132
161
What help's integrate the pilot into the ship's operation? A. Pilot cards and exchange of information B. Voyage Plans C. Clear cut delineation of responsibilities D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 133
162
What is critical when a pilot is departing a vessel? A. the proper course for pilot debarcation B. Rigging pilot ladder with a man line C. Communication about weather, dangerous shoals to avoid and traffic D. The Captain signs the pilot card
C. Communication about weather, dangerous shoals to avoid and traffic. Adams - Pg. 133
163
What part of the evolution of pilot integration is the most dangerous or awkward when it comes to navigation and safety?
Pilot departure and arrival Adams - Pg. 133
164
Why was the Figaro's collision in Galveston Bay a case for bad master-pilot exchange?
The Captain and Pilot did not discuss stopping distances, turning radii or any other ship handling characteristics Adams - Pg. 136
165
Which way is their evidense of a lack of mutual respect between the pilot and Captain in Figaro's Collision? A. Pilot said he did not want the Captain to get jumpy about it B. Captain did not openly question the pilots speed order C. Captain did not explain to the pilot that they had plenty of time D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 136
166
True / False: The Captain and Pilot of the Figaro had a shared mental model.
False Adams - Pg. 136
167
In the case of the Figaro the pilot did not ask the helmsman why he knew the ship was not answering the Starboard rudder command, what is this an example of? two failures
1. Break down in communication 2. Failed pilot integration to the entire bridge team Adams - Pg. 136
168
True / False: Many ship's require that the Captain be in the wheelhouse any time when in piloting waters.
True Adams - Pg. 136
169
This is a group of people working toward a common goal
teamwork Adams - Pg. 140
170
What is the name for leaders who win the confidense of their team mates through demonstrated ability.
Informal leaders Adams - Pg. 140
171
What is the name for leaders who are listed as leaders in the organizations structure.
Formal Leaders Adams - Pg. 140
172
The Captain's decision can only be good if he/she has what?
All the available information to make it. Adams - Pg. 141
173
What is the most effective leaders?
Those who fill both roles of formal / informal leaders. Adams - Pg. 141
174
Team members have the ________ to tell the Captain when they think he or she is making a mistake.
obligation Adams - Pg. 141
175
How will the Captain, Mate and Helmsman know if their plans are all the same?
If they talk about them Adams - Pg. 143
176
when plans conflict and the pilot and captain agreed to a make a change the resulting compromise means what?
Neither plan is was used Adams - Pg. 143
177
What are four principles of group dynamics?
1. group dynamics is really just the study for one specific group of people. 2. Any group will have a leader whether that leader is appointed or simply emerges from the group. 3. The very size of a group has an effect on the relationships among group members. 4. Any change in the group's makeup will change the group as a unit and thus change the dynamics of the group. Adams - Pg. 143
178
True / False: who attends the planning of meetings, how much each person participates and who leads the meetings are all aspects of group dynamics.
True Adams - Pg. 144
179
Where should the watch officer be positioned in relation to the pilot and Captain?
Near enough to respond to the Captain and Pilot. They must avoid being in the wrong place. Adams - Pg. 145
180
If weather conditions are very cold or very wet or very hot what will happen to the attentiveness of the lookout? By how much?
1. Attentiveness declines 2. In direct proportion to the increase in misery Adams - Pg. 144
181
True / False: A good look out will tell you every time something seems not quite right. A good watch officer will be in a good position to hear and see reports of other team members.
True Adams - Pg. 145
182
What do prejudices do to good communications and teamwork?
Disrupt it Adams - Pg. 146
183
What contributed to the confusion on the bridge of the noordam on approach to SW Pass? A. Chief mate's wife's presence B. Captain's lack of presence C. The watch changing twice in 6 min D. None of the above
C. The watch changing twice in 6 min Adams - Pg. 147
184
Was the Captain of the Noordam obligated by the company or ship policy to be on the bridge on approach to SW Pass? Should he have?
A. No he was not obligated B. He should have since the chief mate had never made the approach before. Adams - Pg. 147
185
What does speaking a foreign language do for some one on the team?
Excludes that person Adams - Pg. 148
186
True / False: Very rarely is a mishap attributable to one single catastrophic cause.
True Adams - Pg. 157
187
What is an error of omission? What is an error of commission?
1. Things not done the way they should have been done. 2. Things done that should not have been done Adams - Pg. 157
188
What is it called when you break an error chain?
error trapping Adams - Pg. 158
189
Why is it important to be aware of our mistakes?
So that if we see some BRM principles being violated we realize that we may be building an error chain. Adams - Pg. 158
190
If we break any one link in the error chain what may be avoided?
disaster Adams - Pg. 158
191
True / False: The goal in trapping an error is to correct all the errors in an error chain.
False, The point is to not correct all the errors but instead to recognize and correct or avoid as many errors as possible to break the chain. Adams - Pg. 158
192
What is a fundamentally successful BRM? A. That we never make a mistake that causes an error chain. B. That we eliminate the people building error chains C. That we identify error chains or BRM principles being violated and trap the error D. That we identify and correct all the errors in an error chain
C. That we identify error chains or BRM principles being violated and trap the error. Adams - Pg. 158
193
What was the error chain for the Exxon Valdez?
1. The third mate on watch was fatigued and stayed on watch after the normal end of his watch. 2. The chief mate could not assist the captain because he was exhausted from 24 hours of cargo operations 3. Exxon had given clear written guidance to its ship s on manning in piloting waters and the Captain had gone below 4. Standard operating procedures were broken when the ship was put in auto pilot 5. Complacency on the part of the Captain and Third mate 6. The look out reported to the third mate twice that the ship was leaving a buoy on the wrong side Adams - Pg. 159
194
What was the error chain of the Dwight D. Einsenhower?
1. Navigator got 6 hours of sleep the officer of the deck got 5 hours of sleep judgement was clouded 2. The Captain lost situational awareness did not know how fast the ship was going 3. Distractions to the captain, the secretary of the navy and admiral and members of the press onboard 4. No one on the bridge had good situational awareness Adams - Pg. 160
195
What was the Royal Majestry's error chain?
1. No one on the bridge knew where the ship was 2. Complacency: the same ship, same personnel following the same route. 3. 2/M lied to the Captain about the buoy 4. 2/M did nothing with the information from the look out Adams - Pg. 161
196
In the tragedy of the Blackthorn where was the failure in communications? A. Intership Communications B. Intraship Communications C. Face to Face Communications D. All of the above
D. All of the above Adams - Pg. 161
197
Sighting vessels at the last minute shows lack of what?
Situational awareness Adams - Pg. 163
198
What does the Captircorn's pilot not informing the captain of outbound traffic upon his arrival on the bridge show?
A lack of pilot integration into the bridge team. Adams - Pg. 166
199
True / False: Many of the errors on the blackthorn though singular in nature violated multiple BRM principles.
True Adams - Pg. 166
200
What should one realize when multiple things are going awry?
The building of an error chain. Adams - Pg. 167
Puget Sound Pilots
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