Brain Regions

Question 1

What percentage of the brain does the cerebrum make up and what does it consist of?

Answer 1

83%
Left & right hemispheres, separated by the central sulcus, it containts 52 distinct regions known as Brodmann’s areas

Question 2

What does the left cerebral hemisphere primarily control?

Answer 2

Controls right side of the body, dominant for language in most people.
Ex: Primarily controls writing for a right-handed person.

Question 3

What does the right cerebral hemisphere primarily control?

Answer 3

Controls most functions of the left sidce ofc the body. Responsible for understanding facial expressions and emotions.

Question 4

What are the four major lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 4

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

Question 5

Which lobe is responsible for higher executive functioning?

Answer 5

Frontal Lobe

Question 6

What cognitive skills are controlled by the frontal lobe?

Answer 6

Planning, reasoning, judgment, flexibility, insight, prioritizing, intelligence, working memory
(critical thinking)

Question 7

What type of speech is controlled by the frontal lobe?

Answer 7

Expressive speech (Broca’s area)

Question 8

Damage to Broca’s area causes what condition and is what lobe?

Answer 8

Expressive aphasia
Prefrontal Cortex (Frontal lobe)

Question 9

How does frontal lobe damage affect personality?

Answer 9

Poor judgment, impulsivity, persoality changes, impaired social skills

Question 10

What behavioral changes may indicate a frontal lobe tumor?

Answer 10

Disinhibition, poor insight, emotional and personality changes

Question 11

How is the frontal lobe involved in dementia?

Answer 11

alterations in personality and emotional state, impaired judgment, disorganized thinking

Question 12

What does “FLIPPER JW” stand for?

Answer 12

Acronym for Frontal Lobe functions:
-Flexibility
-Language
-Insight
-Planning
-Prioritizing
-Expressive speech
-Reasoning
-Judgment
-Working memory

Question 13

What sensory function is primarily processed in the temporal lobe?

Answer 13

Auditory processing

Question 14

Which area of the brain controls receptive language or language comprehension?

Answer 14

Wernicke’s area (temporal lobe)

Question 15

Damage to Wernicke’s area causes what condition? Where is this located?

Answer 15

Receptive aphasia
Temporal Lobe

Question 16

What types of memory are stored in the temporal lobe?

Answer 16

Long-term, episodic, and declarative memory
Ex: Remembering your childhood home or recalling historical facts

Question 17

What emotional functions involve the temporal lobe?

Answer 17

Processing emotional responses, attachment, and social behavior
Ex: Experiencing joy while watching a heartwarming movie

Question 18

Auditory hallucinations are most associated with dysfunction in which lobe?

Answer 18

Temporal lobe

Question 19

What memory disturbances are linked to temporal lobe injury?

Answer 19

Anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Question 20

What happens to sensory perception after a temporal lobe CVA?

Answer 20

Altered perception and difficulty interpreting inputs
Ex: A patient may be unable to differentiate between hot and cold temperatures after a stroke

Question 21

How can temporal lobe damage affect sleep?

Answer 21

Sleep-wake cycle disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)

Question 22

Problems in the temporal lobe can lead to what?

Answer 22

Visual or auditory hallucinations, aphasia and amnesia

Question 23

What is receptive aphasia and problems with which lobe is this correlated with?

Answer 23

Difficulty in understanding spoken or written language due to brain damage
Temporal Lobe

Question 24

What is anterograde/retrograde amnesia and what lobe is it associated with?

Answer 24

Trouble in forming new memories or recalling past events due to brain injury
Ex: Patient suffering from memory loss after an accident
Temporal Lobe

Question 25

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 25

Vision Processing

Question 26

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 26

Occipital lobe

Question 27

What is hemianopia?

Answer 27

Loss of half of the visual field in each eye Ex: Patient sees only half of an object they are looking at directly

Question 28

What is quadrantanopia?

Answer 28

Loss of one quarter of the visual field Ex: Patient is unable to see either the upper-right, upper-left, lower-right, or lower-left quadrant of their visual field

Question 29

What causes cortical blindness?

Answer 29

Severe damage to the primary visual cortex

Question 30

What are simple visual hallucinations?

Answer 30

Flashes, colors, geometric shapes (often migraines or drugs)

Question 31

What are complex visual hallucinations?

Answer 31

Lifelike people or scenery associated with neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia Ex: Patient experiences vivid visions of people or animals that are not present

Question 32

Visual hallucinations are classically associated with which dementia?

Answer 32

Lewy body dementia

Question 33

Problems in the occiptal lobe can lead to what?

Answer 33

Visual field defects, blindness and visual hallucinations

Question 34

What is the primary role of the parietal lobe?

Answer 34

Sensory processing Ex: Feeling the warmth of a cup of coffee

Question 35

What types of sensations are processed in the parietal lobe?

Answer 35

Touch, temperature, pain, spatial awareness

Question 36

What higher cognitive tasks involve the parietal lobe?

Answer 36

Reading, Writing, Taste

Question 37

What is sensory-perceptual disturbance? And what lobe causes these issues?

Answer 37

Difficulty accurately interpreting sensations Patietal Lobe Ex: Misinterpreting the sensation of wearing clothes as something crawling on the skin

Question 38

What is agnosia?

Answer 38

A type of sensory-perceptual disturbance. Inability to recognize or interpret sensory input despite intact sensation Ex: Touching a pen but unable to recognize it by touch alone

Question 39

What is stereognosis abnormality? (astereognosis)

Answer 39

The inability to identify familiar objects by touch alone, despite having normal vision and intact primary touch senses (like pain, temperature, and vibration). It means your brain struggles to process tactile information (shape, texture, size) Ex: Holding a set of keys but unable to identify them as keys by touch alone

Question 40

Damage to which lobe causes impaired stereognosis

Answer 40

Parietal lobe