Brain Structure (test 1)

Question 1

dorsal root

Answer 1

senstion

Question 2

ventral root

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

ipsilateral

Answer 3

2 structures on same side of brain

Question 4

contralateral

Answer 4

2 structures on opposite side of brain

Question 5

bilateral

Answer 5

same structures on both sides of brains

Question 6

proximal

Answer 6

close together

Question 7

MRI can see ___

Answer 7

CSF

Question 8

CSF fills ___

Answer 8

ventricles

Question 9

CSF prevents brain from experiencing ____

Answer 9

shock

Question 10

4 ventricles

Answer 10

• 2 lateral ventricles to the side
• 3rd is medial
• 4th is spinal column

Question 11

Cerebral Security

Answer 11

• blood vessels in CNS are very tightly packed
• have many arteries that carry oxygenated blood to brain
• circle of willis provides blood to all of the brain

Question 12

Somatic nervous system

Answer 12

collects sensory information

Question 13

autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

PNS

parasympathetic: rest and digest
sympathetic: fight or flight

Question 14

afferent

Answer 14

sensory

Question 15

effent

Answer 15

motor pathways

Question 16

average length of spinal cord

Answer 16

43-45 cm

Question 17

___ motor and sensory nerves in the spinal cord

Answer 17

31

Question 18

cervical spine

Answer 18

C1-C8
top of spine
injury impairs from neck down

Question 19

thoracic spine

Answer 19

T1-T12
injury impairs breathing and digestion
injury causes loss of functions in lumbar and sacral regions

Question 20

lumbar spine

Answer 20

L1-L5
injury impairs movement of legs and feet
loss of function in sacral region aswell

Question 21

sacral region

Answer 21

S1-S5

injury impairs bladder / bowel control and sexual function

Question 22

complete spinal cord injury

Answer 22

loss of function below damage

Question 23

incomplete spinal cord injury

Answer 23

partial impairment below injury

Question 24

sensory neurons

Answer 24

bipolar (retina)

unipolar (skin, muscle)

Question 25

interneurons

Answer 25

``` stellate cell (thalamus) pyramidal cells (cortex) purkinje cell (cerebellum) ```

Question 26

motor neurons

Answer 26

multi polar (spinal cord)

Question 27

Allan Jones

Answer 27

- Allans institute for Brain Science - would receive brain take MRI - remove from skull - slice thinly and stain - digitize and further fragment extract rNA

Question 28

spinal cord disks

Answer 28

- in between vertebrae | - act as shock absorber

Question 29

slipped disk common in

Answer 29

- over weight - occupation with heavy lifting - in genetics

Question 30

treatment for disk slipped

Answer 30

- over the counter meds - narcotics - anticonvulsants - muscle relaxers cortisone injections - surgeons can remove part or whole disk

Question 31

neuron generation

Answer 31

stem cell > progenitor cell > neural, glial > interneuron, projecting neuron, oligodendroglia, astrocyte.

Question 32

glia : neuron ratio

Answer 32

10:1 | then thought to be 1:1

Question 33

ependymal cell

Answer 33

- glial cell - small - secretes CSF

Question 34

astrocyte

Answer 34

- glial cell - star shaped - symmetrical - nutritive - supportive

Question 35

microglial cell

Answer 35

- glial cell - small - defensive function

Question 36

oligodendroglial cell

Answer 36

- glial cell - asymmetrical - insulating myelin on CNS

Question 37

shwann cell

Answer 37

- glial cell | - myelin on peripheral nerves

Question 38

Forebrain

Answer 38

``` Basal ganglia Limbic system Neocortex Amygdala Hypothalamus Thalamus Hippocampus ```

Question 39

Midbrain

Answer 39

Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Red nucleus Substantia nigra

Question 40

Hind brain

Answer 40

Reticular formation Cerebellum Medulla Pons

Question 41

Medulla

Answer 41

breathing and heart rate

Question 42

reticular formation

Answer 42

general arousal

Question 43

pons

Answer 43

relaying info

Question 44

cerebellum

Answer 44

coordination posture balance

Question 45

Red nucleus

Answer 45

involved in limb movements

Question 46

substantia nigra

Answer 46

approach and avoidance behaviour

Question 47

superior colliculus

Answer 47

eye movements

Question 48

inferior colliculus

Answer 48

auditory inputs

Question 49

Amygdala

Answer 49

processes emotions

Question 50

hypothalamus

Answer 50

releases hormones, regulates body temp

Question 51

thalamus

Answer 51

- relay motor and sensory signals to cortex | - contains diencephalon

Question 52

diencephalon

Answer 52

part of forebrain | contains LGB, MGB, VLP

Question 53

LGB

Answer 53

visual projections

Question 54

MGB

Answer 54

auditory projections

Question 55

VLP

Answer 55

tactile projections

Question 56

hipocampus

Answer 56

memory

Question 57

Basal ganglia

Answer 57

- movement and learning - loss of these neurons = tourettes - caudate nucleus receives info from cortex and sends though putamen and globus pallidus to thalamus

Question 58

Limbic system

Answer 58

- where the subcortical structures meet the cerebral cortex | - 6 layers

Question 59

Neocortex

Answer 59

higher-order brain functions

Question 60

huntingtons diseasH

Answer 60

- from protein huntington malfunctioning - ventricles become larger from neural death - autosomal dominant disease

Question 61

Huntingtons disease onset

Answer 61

- developed ~ 30-54 | - can show 4-80 though

Question 62

Huntingtons disease symptoms

Answer 62

- characteristic movements - impairment - reduced dexterity - slurred speech - trouble swallowing - balance problems - forgetfulness - depression - mania - OCD - social withdrawal

Question 63

Parkinson's disease

Answer 63

connection between basal ganglia and substantia nigra dies

Question 64

Parkinson's disease onset

Answer 64

62

Question 65

Parkinsons symptoms

Answer 65

rigid movements | balance issues

Question 66

parkinson medication

Answer 66

- cardibopa-levodopa - protects early conversion to dopamine - benefits overtime may become less stable - after years, build up tolerance

Question 67

occipital lobe

Answer 67

vision

Question 68

temporal lobe

Answer 68

auditory

Question 69

parietal lobe

Answer 69

body senses

Question 70

frontal lobe

Answer 70

motor functions