Bryophytes

Question 1

Bryophytes include

Answer 1

mosses and liverworts

Question 2

Bryophytes are found commonly growing in

Answer 2

moist shaded areas in the hills

Question 3

Bryophytes are also called

Answer 3

amphibians of the plant kingdom

Question 4

Why are bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom?

Answer 4

because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.

Question 5

Bryophytes usually occur in

Answer 5

damp, humid and shaded localities

Question 6

Bryophytes play an important role in

Answer 6

plant succession on bare rocks/soil.

Question 7

The plant body of bryophytes is

Answer 7

more differentiated than that of algae

Question 8

The plant body of bryophytes is

Answer 8

thallus-like
prostrate or erect
attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular rhizoids

Question 9

Bryophytes lack

Answer 9

true roots, stem or leaves

Question 10

Bryophytes may possess

Answer 10

root-like, leaf-like or stem-like structures

Question 11

The main plant body of the bryophyte is

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

The main plant body of the bryophyte produces

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

The main plant body of the bryophyte is called a

Answer 13

gametophyte

Question 14

The sex organs in bryophytes are

Answer 14

multicellular

Question 15

The male sex organ of Bryophyte is called

Answer 15

antheridium

Question 16

Bryophyte Antheridium produces

Answer 16

biflagellate antherozoids.

Question 17

The female sex organ of bryophyte is called

Answer 17

archegonium

Question 18

Bryophyte Archegonium is

Answer 18

flask-shaped and produces a single egg

Question 19

Bryophyte antherozoids are released into

Answer 19

water where they come in contact with archegonium

Question 20

Bryophyte antherozoid fuses with

Answer 20

the egg to produce the zygote.

Question 21

Bryophytes Zygotes do not undergo

Answer 21

reduction division immediately

Question 22

Instead of reduction division zygotes produce a

Answer 22

multicellular body called a sporophyte

Question 23

The sporophyte of bryophytes is free-living. True or false

Answer 23

The sporophyte is not free-living but attached to the photosynthetic gametophyte and derives nourishment from it.

Question 24

Some cells of the bryophytes sporophyte undergo

Answer 24

reduction division (meiosis) to produce haploid
spores.

Question 25

These spores of bryophyte germinate to produce

Answer 25

gametophyte

Question 26

Bryophytes in general are of little

Answer 26

economic importance

Question 27

Bryophytes in general are of little economic importance but some mosses provide

Answer 27

food for herbaceous mammals, birds and other animals.

Question 28

Species of Sphagnum ( a moss) provide

Answer 28

peat ( as fuel, as packing material for trans-shipment of living material because of their capacity to hold water)

Question 29

Why are mosses along with Lichens are of great ecological importance?

Answer 29

Mosses along with lichens are the first organisms to colonise rocks and hence, are of great ecological importance

Question 30

Mosses along with lichens also

Answer 30

decompose rocks making the substrate suitable for the growth of higher plants

Question 31

How does moss prevent soil erosion?

Answer 31

Mosses form dense mats on the soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion.

Question 32

The bryophytes are divided into

Answer 32

liverworts and mosses.

Question 33

The liverworts grow usually

Answer 33

in moist, shady habitats such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.

Question 34

The plant body of a liverwort is

Answer 34

thalloid

Question 35

example of liverwort

Answer 35

Marchantia

Question 36

The thallus of a liverwort is

Answer 36

dorsiventral and closely appressed to the substrate

Question 37

The leafy members of liverwortshave

Answer 37

tiny leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stem-like structures.

Question 38

Liverworts do not have which type of reproduction?

Answer 38

Vegetative

Question 39

Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by

Answer 39

fragmentation of thalli, or by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae (sing. gemma)

Question 40

Gemmae are

Answer 40

green, multicellular, asexual buds

Question 41

Gemmae develop in

Answer 41

small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli

Question 42

The gemmae become

Answer 42

detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Question 43

During sexual reproduction of liverworts,

Answer 43

male and female sex organs are produced either on the same or on different thalli.

Question 44

The sporophyte of a liverwort is differentiated into

Answer 44

a foot, seta and capsule

Question 45

These spores of liverworts germinate to form

Answer 45

free-living gametophytes.

Question 46

The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the

Answer 46

gametophyte

Question 47

gametophyte of a moss consists of two stages, what are they?

Answer 47

first stage - protonema stage & the second stage is leafy stage

Question 48

protonema stage develops directly from a

Answer 48

spore

Question 49

Describe the protonema stage

Answer 49

It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage

Question 50

leafy stage develops from the

Answer 50

secondary protonema as a lateral bud

Question 51

Which stage bears the sex organs?

Answer 51

Leafy Stage

Question 52

Describe the leafy stage

Answer 52

~ They consist of upright, slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves. ~ They are attached to the soil through multicellular and branched rhizoids.

Question 53

Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by

Answer 53

fragmentation & budding in the secondary protonema.

Question 54

In sexual reproduction of mosses, the sex organs antheridia and archegonia are produced at the

Answer 54

apex of the leafy shoots

Question 55

After fertilisation of a moss, the zygote develops into a (a) , consisting of a (b)

Answer 55

(a) sporophyte (b) foot, seta and capsule

Question 56

The sporophyte in mosses is (a) than that in liverworts

Answer 56

(a) more elaborate

Question 57

The capsule of mosses contains

Answer 57

spores

Question 58

Spores are formed after

Answer 58

meiosis

Question 59

The mosses have an elaborate mechanism of

Answer 59

spore dispersal

Question 60

Examples of mosses are

Answer 60

Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum