Pteridophytes

Question 1

Pteridophytes include

Answer 1

horsetails and ferns

Question 2

Pteridophytes are used for

Answer 2

medicinal purposes and as soil-binders

Question 3

They are also frequently grown as

Answer 3

ornamentals

Question 4

Evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess

Answer 4

vascular tissues – xylem and phloem

Question 5

The pteridophytes are found in

Answer 5

cool, damp, shady places
though some may flourish well in sandy-soil conditions

Question 6

In pteridophytes, the main plant body aka dominant phase) is a

Answer 6

sporophyte

Question 7

sporophyte is differentiated into

Answer 7

true root, stem and leaves

Question 8

These organs possess

Answer 8

well-differentiated vascular tissues

Question 9

The leaves in pteridophyta are

Answer 9

small (microphylls) as in Selaginella
(or)
large (macrophylls) as in ferns.

Question 10

The sporophytes bear

Answer 10

sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called sporophylls.

Question 11

In some cases sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called

Answer 11

strobili or cones (Selaginella, Equisetum).

Question 12

Which produces spores and by how?

Answer 12

The sporangia produce spores by meiosis in spore mother cells

Question 13

The spores germinate to give rise to

Answer 13

inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called prothallus

Question 14

Why is the spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions?

Answer 14

These gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow.
and need for water for fertilisation,

Question 15

The gametophytes bear male and female sex organs called

Answer 15

antheridia and archegonia

Question 16

Water is required for transfer of antherozoids –

Answer 16

the male gametes released from the antheridia to the mouth of archegonium.

Question 17

Fusion of male gamete with the egg present in the archegonium result in the formation of

Answer 17

zygote

Question 18

Zygote thereafter produces a

Answer 18

multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte

Question 19

In majority of the pteridophytes all the spores are of similar kinds; such plants are called

Answer 19

homosporous

Question 20

Genera like (a) which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known
as (b)

Answer 20

(a) Selaginella and Salvinia
(b) heterosporous

Question 21

The megaspores and microspores germinate and give rise to

Answer 21

female and male gametophytes, respectively.

Question 22

Which event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution?

Answer 22

The female gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophytes
for variable periods.
The development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes

Question 23

Class - Examples

Answer 23

Psilopsida - Psilotum
Lycopsida - Selaginella, Lycopodium
Sphenopsida - Equisetum
Pteropsida - Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum.