BURNS

Question 1

causes of burns

Answer 1

thermal, non thermal, chemical, radiation

Question 2

thermal burns

Answer 2

dry heat, moist heat, frostbite

Question 3

non thermal burns

Answer 3

electric

Question 4

chemical burns

Answer 4

acids / alkali

Question 5

radiation burns

Answer 5

sunlight / radiation therapy

Question 6

layers of skin

Answer 6

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous tissue
muscle

Question 7

1st degree burn

Answer 7

epidermis

Question 8

2nd degree burn

Answer 8

epidermis, dermis

Question 9

3rd degree burn

Answer 9

epidermis, dermis, subcu

Question 10

4th degree burn

Answer 10

epidermis, dermis, subcu, muscle

Question 11

partial thickness burn

Answer 11

1st degree - superficial partial thickness
2nd degree - deep partial thickness

Question 12

full thickness burn

Answer 12

3rd and 4th degree

Question 13

is a quick way to estimate the extent of burns. The system assigns percentages in multiples of nine to major body surfaces

Answer 13

rule of nines

Question 14

is the more precise method of estimating the extent of a burn which recognizes that the percentage of surface area of various anatomic parts, especially the head and legs, changes with growth (Pediatric)

Answer 14

lund and browder

Question 15

used to estimate the extent in patients with scattered burns. The size of the patient’s palm is approximately 1%of the TBSA

Answer 15

palm method

Question 16

percentages for adults in rule of nines

Answer 16

head and neck 9%
each arm 9%
FB upper trunk 18%
FB lower trunk 18%
(WHOLE TRUNK 36%)
each leg 18%
genitalia 1%

Question 17

parkland formula is used in what degree of burns

Answer 17

2nd and 3rd degree burns

Question 18

what is the parkland formula

Answer 18

4ml x BSA x Body wt

Question 19

true or false - 4ml is not always constant in the parkland formula

Answer 19

true

Question 20

parkland what ml to use if: pt has volume overload or compromised?

Answer 20

2 ml

Question 21

parkland what ml to use if: pt has electric burns

Answer 21

6 ml

Question 22

first half of the solution is given when?

Answer 22

first 8 hours

Question 23

second half of the solution is given when/

Answer 23

next 16 hours

Question 24

patient’s hand approximates ___% of total body surface area

Answer 24

0.01

Question 25

in deep burns there is ___ leading to hypertorphic scar and keloid

Answer 25

excessive proliferation

Question 26

process of burn healing

Answer 26

inflammation, proliferation, remodelling

Question 27

cardiac changes in burn

Answer 27

decreased cardiac output, need fluid resuscitation and o2

Question 28

pulmonary changes in burn

Answer 28

respiratory insufficiency - respi failure, need pulmonary hygeine and o2

Question 29

GI changes in burn

Answer 29

decreased / absent motility, cushing's ulcer, need NG tube, h2 blockers, mucoprotectants, enteral nutrition

Question 30

vasular changes in burn

Answer 30

fluid shift, imbalances of FE and acid-base, hemoconcentration

Question 31

during fluid shift what happnes to the capillaries?

Answer 31

vessels dilate, capillary hydrostatic pressure increases = increased capillary permeability = leaking of plasma = edema

Question 32

- first 48 hours - shift from IVC to ISC - hypovolemia, hemoconcentration, hyperkalemia, hyponateria, m. acidosis, edema

Answer 32

shock / fluid accumulation phase

Question 33

- 48 hours post burns - shift from ISC to IVC - hypervolemia, hemodilution, diresis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, m. acidosis

Answer 33

acute / diuretic / fluid remobilization phase

Question 34

- 5th day onwards - healing and reconstruction - fluid shift resolved - anemia, hypocalcemia, - nitrogen balance, hypokalemia

Answer 34

convalescent / recovery phase

Question 35

monitor for signs of ___ every hour

Answer 35

hypovolemia

Question 36

WOF ?

Answer 36

pulmonary edema

Question 37

how to asses fluid and hydration status/

Answer 37

skin turgor, daily weight, hourly urine output, capillary refill