MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 1 > VOIDING DISORDERS > Flashcards

VOIDING DISORDERS Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Uncontrolled expulsion of urine from the bladder

A

urinary incontinence

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2
Q

type of urinary incontinence

A

SUFO

stress
urge
functional
overflow

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3
Q

Not being able to reach a toilet in time
because of physical disability, obstacles, or
problems in thinking or communicating

A

functional

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4
Q

Leaking large amounts of urine at unexpected
times

A

urge

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5
Q

Leaking small amounts of urine during physical
movement

A

stress

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6
Q

Associated with over distention of the bladder. Despite of frequent urine loss bladder still
doesn’t empties.

A

overflow

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7
Q

medical mgmt for urinary incontinence

A

– Anticholenergics
– Tricyclic Antidepressants

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8
Q

surgical mgmt urinary incontinence

A

PERIURETHRAL BULKING

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9
Q

Inability to empty the bladder completely despite attempts to void

A

urinary retention

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10
Q

causes of urinary retention

A

neurogenic bladder
decreased muscle activity
detrusor muscle atrophy
anxiety
medications

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11
Q

s/sx of urinary retention

A
  • Distended bladder
  • Pain in the suprapubic area
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12
Q

medical mgmt urinary retention

A

 Intermittent catheterization
 Cholinergic medication – bethanechol (urecholine)
neostigmine(prostigmine)

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13
Q

complications of urinary retention

A
  • Urinary Tract
    Infection
  • Calculi
  • Sepsis
  • Hydronephrosis
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14
Q

Distention of the renal pelvis and calices caused by an obstruction of normal urine flow

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS

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15
Q

causes of hydronephrosis

A

calculus, tumor, scar tissue,congenital structural defects,and a kink in theureter

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16
Q

s/sx of hydronephorsis

A

– difficulty in urination
– flank or suprapubic pain
– blood in the urine

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17
Q

mgmt for hydronephrosis

A

NEPHROSTOMY
PYELOPLASTY

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18
Q

bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, andinterstitial tissue of one or both kidneys

A

pyelonephritis

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19
Q

causes of pylonesphritis

A
  • Pathogenic bacteria
  • Incompetent ureterovesical valve
  • Obstruction in the urinary tract - Bladder or prostate tumor - Strictures
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Systemic Infection
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20
Q
  • Leukocytes infiltrate the glomerulus
  • Thickening of the glomerular membrane
  • Scarring
A

acute glomerulonephritis

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21
Q
  • Decreased kidney size
  • Fibrous scar tissue replaces the nonfunctioning renal tissue
  • Further sclerosis of blood vessels
  • Renal dysfuntion
A

chronic glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Abdominal /flank pain
HPN
Pleural effusion
Metallic taste in the mouth
Yellow gray skin
nocturia, polyuria, oliguria

23
Q

smoky / coca cola urine
Hematuria, proteinuria, albuminuria
Urine pH is low; Specific Gravity is mid-normal /high-normal

Study These Flashcards
A

glomerulonephritis

24
Q

medical mgmt glomerulonephritis

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A
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Diuretics
  • Anti- hypertensive
  • Corticosteroids
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Dialysis
  • Transplant
25
a set of clinical manifestations caused by PROTEIN WASTING secondary to diffuse glomerular damage
nephrotic syndrome
26
manifestations of nephrotic syndrome
* Periorbital edema * Edema in dependent areas * Ascites * Anorexia * Malaise * Irritability
27
Urinalysis * Proteinuria * (+)granular and epithelial cell castsandfat bodies, * increased WBC
nephrotic syndrome
28
nephrotic syndrome: decreased ___ high serum ___-
albumin cholesterol
29
complications of nephrotic syndrome
– Infection – Thromboembolism – Pulmonary Emboli – ARF – Atherosclerosis
30
medical mgmt of nephrotic syndrome
Administration of plasma volume expanders * Diuretic * ACE inhibitors * Antineoplastic agents – Cyclosphosphamide(Cytoxan)* Immunosuppressant medications– Chlorambucil (Leukeran) * Anticoagulant
31
stones is urinary tract
urolithiasis
32
stones in the kidneys
nephrolithiasis
33
* Most common * Composed of Ca phosphate and Ca oxalate * Can be caused by hypercalcemia
calcium stones
34
urea-splitter” bacteria Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, or Mycoplasma
struvite stones
35
o mostly in patients with gout o High intake of foods rich in purine
uric acid stones
36
Due congenital to metabolic error; Appear during childhood and adolescence and very rare in adults
cystine stones
37
* Second most common* Due to hyperabsorption of oxalate
oxalate stones
38
clinical manifestations of lithiasis
Pain in the renal pelvis: Intense deep ache in CVA; Radiating anteriorly and downward Pain in the ureter: Acute, excruciating, colicky, radiating down the thigh and genitalia
39
non surgical treatment for lithiasis
* ESWL * Endourologic procedure – Percutaneous nephrolithotomy * Chemolysis
40
DOC for pain caused by lithiasis
meperidine
41
INABILITY of the kidneys to function It is a state of total or nearly total loss of the kidney’s ability to excrete products & to maintain fluid and electrolytes balance- Categorized into acute and chronic
renal failure
42
* Is a rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys. * Sudden impairment or decline in renal function associated with an increased in the serum concentration of urea and creatinine (AZOTEMIA) * Usually reversible
acute kidney injury
43
causes of acute renal failure 1. sudden and severe drop in BP 2. direct damage to kidneys 3. obstruction of urine flow
prerenal intrarenal postrenal
44
clinical manifestation of acute kidney injury (electrolyte imbalance)
Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Metabolic acidosis
45
Is an umbrella term that describes kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months. Kidneys are no longer capable of maintaining an internal environment consistent with life and when return of function is not anticipated
chronic kidney disease
46
CKD medical mgmt
* Calcium preparations and Phosphorus binders * Anti – HPN agents * Diuretics * Vitamins and minerals * Sodium Bicarbonate * Antiseizure agents * Erythropoietin
47
CKD integumentary
* Yellow, gray, bronze pigmentation * Pallor * Dryness, scaliness * Pruritus
48
CKD cardio
* Hypertension* Congestive heart failure* Hyperkalemia* Pericarditis
49
CKD respi
* Pulmonary Edema * Uremic pleuritis * Pleural effusion * Kussmaul Respiration
50
CKD neuro muscular
* Somnolence* Confusion coma* Peripheral Neuropathy(restless leg and burning feet syndrome)
51
CKD GI
Nausea Anorexia Vomiting Diarrhea / constipation Abdominal Cramps
52
CKD hematologic
* Anemia* Susceptibility to Infection
53
CKD skeletal
* Hypocalcemia * Hyperphosphatemia
54
CKD repro
Diminish fertility, changes in menstruation
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