Cardio Flashcards

Question

Hocm a/w

Answer 1

Freidrichs ataxia Wpw

Answer 2

Postural hypo dehydration Hypo k na Hyper ca uric Impaired glu, impotence

Answer 3

Aa ?sglt2i

Answer 4

Sinus rhythm 75 or more pr Lvef lessthan 35

Answer 5

After acei or arb washout period Lvef<35

Answer 6

Hydralazine

Answer 7

ANNUAL INFLUENZA ONE OFF PNEUMO

Answer 8

Na k atpase Deceeases av node conduction Stimulation vagus

Answer 9

Hypokalemia Competitive inhibor

Answer 10

Gynaecomastia

Answer 11

Hypo k mg albumin thermia thyroid Hyper na ca acidosis Renal failure Drugs

Answer 12

Vera diltiazem Amiodarone quinidine Spironolactone/ thoazides loop (diff mechs) Ciclosporin

Answer 13

Dual anti Acei Bb Statin

Answer 14

Asp + ticagrelor 12 months

Answer 15

Asp + tica/prasu 12months

Answer 16

Aa Within 3-14days of mi Preferably after acei

Answer 17

Elcetrical cardioversion

Answer 18

RATE control Therapeutic anticoagulant for 3weeks before long term rhythn control

Answer 19

Bb Ccb Digoxin

Answer 20

Bb Dronedarone Amiodarone

Answer 21

Still require anticoagulant based on chadvasc

Answer 22

Bicusp spondylarthro Marfans ed HTN SYPHILIS Aortic dissection

Answer 23

30yrs Women 50?

Answer 24

Lvf dilated myo constrictive pericarditis. Mr

Answer 25

Aortic stenosis hocm htn Atrjal contraction against a atiff ventricle

Answer 26

Proximal lad

Answer 27

Usually lcx also rca

Answer 28

Iv amiodarone

Answer 29

A1 receptors on surface of cardiac cells Adenosine potassium channels camp production Av block

Answer 30

Brady caused by non vagal (Past av node

Answer 31

Carvedilol Bisoprolol

Answer 32

2-6weeks Nsaids

Answer 33

Lv aneurysm

Answer 34

Lv free wall rupture

Answer 35

Shortening of qt

Answer 36

Cough angioedema hyperkalemia first dose hypo

Answer 37

70% coarctation of aorta

Answer 38

Turners bicuspid aortic valve berry aneurysm nf

Answer 39

Mid systolic

Answer 40

Pe avm vasculitis previous radio copd?

Answer 41

Long acting nitrate ivabradine nivorandil ranolazine

Answer 42

Standard release Nitrates 10-14hrs

Answer 43

External loop recorder Implantable loop recorder

Answer 44

Blicks potassium channel Also na xhannels

Answer 45

Tft lft u&e cxr prior to tx Tft lft every 6 months

Answer 46

Thyroid Lung liver fibrosis corneal deposit photosensitivity slate grey Neuropathy myopathy Thrombophlebitis Brady lengthen qt

Answer 47

Macrolides Ciproflox Cq terfenafdine

Answer 48

Simva atorva

Answer 49

Ich Pregnancy Macrolides

Answer 50

10yrs or >40 or Nephropathy

Answer 51

Sinus brady junctional rhythn first degree mobitz type 1

Answer 52

Bio prosthetic

Answer 53

2.5 2 1.5 1

Answer 54

Hyperlipid

Answer 55

Hyper triglycerides Lipop lipase def

Answer 56

Familial hypercholesterolemia Remnanat hyperlipidemia

Answer 57

Surgery topical tricholroacetic acid laser electrodessication

Answer 58

Rate control

Answer 59

Acei bb arb AA hydralazine nitrates

Answer 60

Acei arni arb Bb Mra Sglt2i

Answer 61

U&e before 1-2 weks after start, dose increment 3-6 months max tolerated dose

Answer 62

Headache flushing ankle edema

Answer 63

100 100-400 400pg/mol 29 29-116 116pmol/litre

Answer 64

400 400-2000 2000pg/ml 47 47-236 236 pmol/l

Answer 65

Hypoxemia copd Gfr<60 liver cirrhosis Sepsis Dm age70

Answer 66

Obesity Diuretic Acei bb arb AA

Answer 67

Loop Diuretics

Answer 68

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 69

Protate ca

Answer 70

Pressure sore

Answer 71

Osteoporosis related fracture

Answer 72

Malnutrition

Answer 73

Tia triage

Answer 74

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 75

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 76

3 month outcome in ischemic stroc for pts receivingtpa

Answer 77

Forceful atrial filling against a stiffened ventricle

Answer 78

Staph aureus

Answer 79

Strep viridan- mitus, sanguinis

Answer 80

Cons-epidermis After 2 months staph aureus

Answer 81

Staph bovis-gallolyticus

Answer 82

Sle libman sacks Malignant marantic endo

Answer 83

Inhibirs p glycoprotein (dig efflux) Reduce sexretion in renal tubulea

Answer 84

Rca Due to av nodal dysfn

Answer 85

Clopidogrel and atorvastatin

Answer 86

0.9 pad 0.5 cli

Answer 87

Percutaneous ytranslumi all Short segment stenosis <10 ccm Aortic iliac disease high risk pts

Answer 88

Naftidrofuryl oxalate Cilostazol

Answer 89

Pde3i with both antiplatelet and vasodilator effects

Answer 90

Descending aorta distal to subclavian

Answer 91

Originates in and confined to ascending aorta

Answer 92

Inferior Backwards tear

Answer 93

Oral hypoglycemia Warfarin Steroids

Answer 94

Avoid due to risk of reyes but use in kawasaki

Answer 95

Widened mediastinum 8-8.8cm Double or irregular aortic contour Inward displacement of calcification

Answer 96

Amio Lido Procainamide

Answer 97

Cervedilol biso

Answer 98

If group 2 180/100 disqualified

Answer 99

4wks 1wk of treated by pci and ef >40

Answer 100

If prophylaxis 1 month If sustained 6 month Parmanet bar for group 2

Answer 101

If 6 cm or more inform 6.5 or more disqualified

Answer 102

Analgesia iv hep vascular review

Answer 103

Stop Oral vit k

Answer 104

Stop Iv vit k

Answer 105

4 wks amiodarone or sotalol prior

Answer 106

Acute pericarditis

Answer 107

Within 1-3 days post mi

Answer 108

Pr depression

Answer 109

Frver38 Trop

Answer 110

Janeway palms soles

Answer 111

135/85 Unless albuminuria or 2 or more featueres of metabolic syndrome 130/80

Answer 112

Indicated in patients with LVEF ≤35%, QRS ≥120 ms (especially LBBB), and persistent symptoms despite optimal medical therapy

Answer 113

Citalopram 40mg max dose

Answer 114

amoxicillin + gentamicin vancomycin + gentamicin vancomycin + meropenem vancomycin, gentamicin + rifampacin

Answer 115

LVEF ≤35%, sinus rhythm, NYHA class II–III symptoms, and life expectancy >1 year

Answer 116

Current - admit 12-72hrs same day >72 hrs fulla assessment

Answer 117

Non invasive functional mps spect stress echo mr perfusion, stress induced

Answer 118

Esm louder on exp

Answer 119

Best heard in inspiration

Answer 120

Ms left atrial enlargement often most in lead 2

Answer 121

Asthma marfans

Answer 122

Ct contrast swallow

Answer 123

Beta blockers

Answer 124

Uncontrolled hf asthma sick sinus concurrent verapamil

Answer 125

Enhanced by dipyridamole Blicked by theophylline

Answer 126

Amio bb/vera cardioveter dual chamber pacemaker endo prophylaxis Abcde

Answer 127

Nitrates acei inotropes

Answer 128

Warfarin or doac or factor 10ai After tia start immediately After stroke start after 2weeks

Answer 129

1. INOTROPES (dobytamine 2. VASOPRESSORS ( Norad Mechanical circulatory assistance

Answer 130

Hr<50 2nd or 3rd degree block or shock

Answer 131

Af svt ass with accesory pathway

Answer 132

Post mi Structural heart diseass Sinus node dysfn Atrial flutter

Answer 133

Age ecg trop Rft Bp hr arrest?

Answer 134

Iv iron if hb <150 And tsat <20 Serum ferritin <100

Answer 135

Left sided pathway Dominant r wave in v1

Answer 136

Hocm mvp Ebsteins anomaly THYROTOXICOSIS asd secondum

Answer 137

Sotalol* Amio Flecainide

Answer 138

If an indication for anticoagulant exists (for example atrial fibrillation) it is indicated that anticoagulant monotherapy is given without the addition of antiplatelets

Answer 139

generally patients are given triple therapy (2 antiplatelets + 1 anticoagulant) for 4 weeks-6 months after the event and dual therapy (1 antiplatelet + 1 anticoagulant) to complete 12 months

Answer 140

if a patient on antiplatelets develops a VTE they are likely to be prescribed anticoagulants for 3-6 months an ORBIT score should be calculated. Those with a low risk of bleeding may continue antiplatelets. In patients with an intermediate or high risk of bleeding consideration should be given to stopping the antiplatelets

Answer 141

Diagnosis 1st line 2nd line Acute coronary syndrome (medically treated) Aspirin (lifelong) & ticagrelor (12 months) If aspirin contraindicated, clopidogrel (lifelong) Percutaneous coronary intervention Aspirin (lifelong) & prasugrel or ticagrelor (12 months) If aspirin contraindicated, clopidogrel (lifelong) TIA Clopidogrel (lifelong) Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) Ischaemic stroke Clopidogrel (lifelong) Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) Peripheral arterial disease Clopidogrel (lifelong) Asprin (lifelong

Answer 142

Pneumothorax Mvp

Answer 143

Mid sys click late sys Murmu

Answer 144

Infrarenal

Answer 145

aspirin, plus either: ticagrelor, if not high bleeding risk clopidogrel, if high bleeding risk

Answer 146

3 normal 3-4.4 small rescan every 12 m 4.5-5.4 medium rescan every 3 m 5.5 2 week referral

Answer 147

Headache flushing ulcerations

Answer 148

Cld p450i (amio, cipro) Cranberry juice Nsaids

Answer 149

Amiodaron flecainide if no structural heart diseass

Answer 150

Loop Diuretics

Answer 151

1.No monitoring 2.Aptt

Answer 152

Activate antithrombin

Answer 153

? Trans pacing

Answer 154

30% Or egfr falls by 25%

Answer 155

Switch acei with arni

Answer 156

Vt- sudden hypotension

Answer 157

Stop anticoagulation , consider alternative dx

Answer 158

Hypomag hypokal Hyperca hyperna

Answer 159

Antithrombin like fondaparinoux

Answer 160

1.Conns or primary hyperaldosteronism 2. Cushings

Answer 161

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 162

Steroids nsaids Maoi cocp Leflunomide

Answer 163

Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Over 14years, absence of rbbb

Answer 164

Arvc Terminal notch in qrs

Answer 165

Sotalol Catherer ablation Icd

Answer 166

Autosomal recessive arvc Palmoplantr keratosis woolly hair

Answer 167

Grapefruit

Answer 168

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 169

P450 inducer

Answer 170

Coexistant hf first onset af reversible cause

Answer 171

Short pr<0.12 Wide qrs Slurred upsyroke (delta wave

Answer 172

5 days inr <1.5 Resume evening or next day

Answer 173

012-0.20 (3 -5 small sq

Answer 174

Iv glyceryl trinitrate

Answer 175

Prophylactic lmwh 30days Or fondaparinoux 45days If lmwh contraindicated, 8-12days of nsaids

Answer 176

1. No evidence of HF 2. Crepitations / S3 3. Frank pulmonary oedema 4. Cardiogenic shock

Answer 177

Abciximab/eptifibatide/tirofiban:

Answer 178

Funny visio Funny current inhibitors - ivabradine Luminous phenomena (haloes, flashing lights)

Answer 179

Clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor

Answer 180

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux: Activate ATIII → inhibit factor Xa Bivalirudin: Direct thrombin inhibitor

Answer 181

Turner’s, Noonan’s

Answer 182

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 183

CXR: Rib notching due to collateral circulation

Answer 184

spinal cord injury or recent inferior MI)

Answer 185

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Answer 186

Aortic stenosis Pulmonary stenosis Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Tetralogy of Fallot ASD

Answer 187

Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO)

Answer 188

Down’s, Patau’s

Answer 189

ASD + triphalangeal thumbs

Answer 190

echo + specialist within 2 weeks 400–2000 ng/L → echo + specialist within 6 weeks <400 ng/L → HF unlikely

Answer 191

ACEi + beta-blocker + MRA + SGLT2 inhibitor

Answer 192

ARVC + palmoplantar keratosis + woolly hair

Answer 193

Brugada Syndrome Na+ channelopathy)

Answer 194

Brugada Syndrome

Answer 195

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT (CPVT)

Answer 196

down-sloping ST + T inversion Digoxin Toxicity

Answer 197

Carcinoid cancer (flushing, diarrhoea, weight loss)

Answer 198

Staphylococci (native): Flucloxacillin Staphylococci (prosthetic): Flucloxacillin + gentamicin + rifampicin Streptococci: Benzylpenicillin first-line

Answer 199

iloprost, bosentan, sildenafil.

Answer 200

CCBs - Nifedipine.

Answer 201

echocardiogram, right heart catheterisation is diagnostic PAP > 25mmHg at rest → RHF

Answer 202

Group 1: Idiopathic / familial, HIV, persistent PH of the newborn Group 2: Secondary to left-sided heart disease Group 3: Secondary to lung disease – COPD, ILD, OSA Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic PH – e.g. recurrent PE Group 5: Miscellaneous – sarcoidosis, systemic disorders, tumours

Answer 203

bosentan, ambrisentan

Answer 204

an early diastolic sound caused by sudden cessation of ventricular filling as the rigid pericardium limits expansion

Answer 205

Dueto lvoot

Answer 206

there is Pericardial rub- grating sound in LSB

Answer 207

right-to-left shunt, most commonly a patent foramen ovale (PFO)

Answer 208

in cardiac Tamponade its ELECTRICAL ATERANS shortening of QRS amplitude on ECG . Here it is PULSUS ALTERANS - The failing left ventricle can’t keep a steady output it alternates between strong and weak beats because of fatigue + calcium imbalance.

Answer 209

radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

Answer 210

VT Irregular = Complete HB

Answer 211

(1) Antiplatelet - 1st Line: Aspirin 300mg. (2) Antithrombin - 1st Line: Fondaparinux, Alt: UFH if significant renal impairment or high bleeding risk. (3) Risk determines further management (i.e. decision for early CA +/- PCI)

Answer 212

Loud second heart sound

Answer 213

resolution of ST elevation at 60–90 minutes.

Answer 214

Brugada syndrome

Answer 215

Acei Nitrates Inotropes

Cardio Flashcards

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