Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

Question 1

3 Kinds of Cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

• dilated cardiomyopathy
• hepertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 2

Dilated cardiomyopathy & Prognosis

Answer 2

• ventricle dilation & severely impaired systolic function

- Majority of deaths w/n 5 years (L heart failure)

Question 3

HCM

Answer 3

• hypertrophy of interventricular septum

- caused by HTN or valve disease

Question 4

Treatment of HCM

Answer 4

-beta blockers (to decrease HR and work)

Question 5

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment

Answer 5

• salt restriction
• digitalis glycosides
• vasodilators
• diuretics
• anticoagulants

Question 6

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

• rigid, non-compliant myocardium

- from infiltrative disease

Question 7

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

• amyloidosis
• glycogen storage disease
• hemochromatosis

Question 8

Treatment of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

• none

- treat underlying cause

Question 9

ASD

Answer 9

(atrial septal defect)

• patent foramen ovale
• R to L shunt (between atria)
• increased R heart workload

Question 10

ASD detected as:

Answer 10

-detected at birth as murmur

Question 11

ASD left untreated leads to:

Answer 11

R heart failure

Question 12

PDA

Answer 12

(patent ductus arteriosus)

• opening between pulm trunk and aorta
• remains open due to hypoxemia or premature birth
• L to R Shunt (aortic press>pulm press)

Question 13

PDA can lead to:

Answer 13

-CHF

Question 14

PDA Treatment

Answer 14

• surgery

- IV indeomethacin

Question 15

6 developmental/congenital heart diseases

Answer 15

• ASD
• VSD
• PDA
• Coarction of the Aorta
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Endocardial Cushion Defect

Question 16

VSD

Answer 16

• most common congenital heart disease
• opening between ventricles
• blood goes from L to R vent (due to pressure)

Question 17

VSD detected as:

Answer 17

-murmur

Question 18

VSD can lead to:

Answer 18

-L &/or R heart Failure if not treated

Question 19

Coarction of the Aorta

Answer 19

• fibrous constriction on descending aorta
• increase pressure above and decrease press below
• BP UE>BP LE

Question 20

Treatment for Coarction of Aorta

Answer 20

-surgery

Question 21

Coarction of Aorta can cause

Answer 21

-cor pulmonale & heart failure

Question 22

2 Types of Valvular Disease

Answer 22

• stenosis

- regurgitation/insufficiency

Question 23

Valve:

Stenosis

Answer 23

• stiffening of valves
• narrowing/constriction–>valves hard to open
• obstructs blood flow & chamber prior to valve works harder

Question 24

Valvular Stenosis often due to:

Answer 24

-scar/abnormal deposits on valves