Cardio Pulm > MI > Flashcards

MI Flashcards

(45 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Best Discriminator of MI w/n 3 hours of chest pain onset

A

EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transmural MI, injury and myocardial ischemia

A
  • full thickness

- usually L ventricle 2* to coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MI diagnosis

A

At least 2 of 3:

  • symptoms >20min
  • EKG changes (at least 2 leads)
  • Enzyme changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ST Segment Elevation

>6 months =

A

ventricular aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

After 3 hours best discriminant of MI is

A

creatine kinase MB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reciprocal EKG changes

A
  • indicative of large MI
  • in leads opposite of TM MI
  • change is transient
  • ST segment depression with T wave upright
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A
  • Zone of Ischemia: functioning tissue at periphery of infarct
  • T wave increased size & peaked & symmetrical for 1st several hours
  • T wave inverts after 24-48 hours
  • After 1st week T gets upright
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myocardial Injury

A

Zone of Injury: nonfunctional area around infarct

  • indicates acute MI
  • ST Elevation >1mm
  • ST segment normal by 72 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myocardial Infarct

A

Zone of necrosis: irreversible damage at center of MI

  • significant Q wave >0.04 sec (any lead but III & aVr)
  • w/n 48 hours & never go away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EKG with MI

A
  • Significant Q wave (>0.04 sec)
  • occur w/n 48 hours
  • never goes away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EKG with Myocardial Ischemia

A
  • incr T wave; peaked and symmetrical
  • initially & for 1st several hours
  • 24-48 hours after MI: T wave inverts
  • becomes upright after 1st week
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EKG with Myocardial Injury

A
  • ST segment elevation
  • > 1mm over baseline (2 small boxes)
  • immediately
  • returned to normal by 72 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Potassium

A

resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Calcium

A

threshold potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Low K+

A

-membrane potential lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

High K+

A

-membrane potential higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Low Ca++

A

-threshold potential lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

High Ca++

A

-threshold potential higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trousseau sign

Study These Flashcards
A
  • (hypocalcemia)

- contraction of hand and fingers with the arterial blood flow of arm occluded for 5 min

20
Q

Chvostek Sign

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hypocalcemia

- tap facial nerve below temple and nose/lip twitches

21
Q

EKG with subendocardial MI

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ST segment depression

- Inverted T wave (deep and symmetrical)

22
Q

Normal Magnesium Levels

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 1.8-3.0 mg/dL

1. 5-2.5 mEq/L

23
Q

Hypomagnesia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • alcoholics or result of multiple electrolyte abnormalities

- can lead to myocardial irritability, A-fib, PVC

24
Q

Subendocardial MI

Study These Flashcards
A

(Non-Q wave MI)

  • partial thickness (inner portion)
  • necrosis is patchy
  • due to relative insufficiency of coronary blood flow
  • ST seg depression
  • Inverted T waves
25
ST Segment depression
-Occurs with subencdocardial MI, K+ deficiency, digitalis toxicity with ex's (if ischemic)
26
Normal K+ levels
3.5-5.3 mEq/L
27
Normal Ca++ Levels
- 8.2-10.4 mg/dL | 4. 5-5.5 mEq/L
28
Hypercalcemia
- raises threshold potential (decreased excitability) - EKG: shortened QRS, depressed T waves -->heart block
29
Hypocalcemia
- lowers threshold potential (easier to excite) - EKG: prolonged QT interval -->ventricular arrhythmia & cardiac arrest
30
Causes of Hypercalcemia
- thiazide diuretic use - acidosis - adrenal insufficiency - immobility - vitamin D excess
31
Causes of Hyperkalemia
- endocrine problems - renal problems - result of K+ replacement/overdose
32
Causes of Hypokalemia
- use of diuretics - vomiting - diarrhea - sweating - alkalosis
33
Causes of Hypocalcemia
- multiple transfusion of titrated blood - renal failure - alkalosis - laxatives - antacid abuse - parathyroid damage/removal
34
Hyperkalemia
- cell membrane hypopolarized (easier to stim) - EKG: narrow, tall T waves, shorter QT interval - EKG severe: ST seg depression, prolonged PR, wide QRS -->v fib or cardiac arrest
35
Hypokalemia
- cell membrane becomes hyperpolarized (harder to excite) - EKG: decr T wave amplitude, ST seg depression, P wave peaked, QRS prolonged -->ventricular arrhythmias
36
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
- fatigue - weakness - lethargy - anorexia - impaired renal function - nausea - constipation
37
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia
- confusion - paresthesia (mouth, digits) - Carpal spasm - hyperreflexia
38
Anterior Infarct
V2, V3 (V4 with greater damage) Blood Supply: LAD
39
Anteroseptal Infarct
V1, V2, V3 Blood Supply: LAD
40
Anterolateral Infarct
-V4, V5, V6, I, aVL Blood: LAD & Circumflex
41
Septal Infarct
-Leads V1, V2 Blood: LAD
42
Lateral Infarct
I, aVL, V5, V6 Blood: circumflex
43
Inferior Infarct
II, III, aVF Blood: RCA
44
Inferolateral Infarct
-II, III, aVF, V5, V6 Blood: RCA & Circumflex
45
Posterior Infarct
V1, V2, V3 Blood: posterior descending
Cardio Pulm
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions