carditis

Question 1

how do Dental procedures increase the risk of infective endocarditis

Answer 1

streptococcus viridans can be found in the mouth

Question 2

post valve surgy is a risk factor for ?? by what bacteria

Answer 2

-infective endocarditis

-staphylococcus epidermis

Question 3

what bacteria causes infective endocarditis in pateints with iv drug use

Answer 3

staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

what valve is most commonly affected by infective endocarditis

Answer 4

the mitral valve

Question 5

what are the symptoms associated with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 5

FROM JANE mneumonic
fever
roth spots
osler nodes
murmur
janeway lesions
anemia
nail bed hemorrhage
emboli

Question 6

what occurs as blood flows over vegetations on the heart valve

Answer 6

murmur

Question 7

bacteraemia and endocardial insult need to be present in what disease

Answer 7

infective endocarditis

the endocardial insult (e.g. turbulent flow, solid particles, chronic inflammation) allows the bacteria to adhere and proliferate

Question 8

what organisms are associated with negative blood cultures in infective endocarditis

Answer 8

HACEK - Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

Question 9

what are the symptoms of severe infective endocarditis

Answer 9

valvular incompetence, resistance, heart failure, embolic events

Question 9

what is the management in severe infective endocarditis

Answer 9

surgery
valve replacement/repair to remove infection

Question 10

what is indicitive of myocarditis coinfection

Answer 10

pericarditis with raised troponin

Question 11

what are typical clinical signs of pericarditis

Answer 11

pericardial friction rub and pleuritic chest pain

Question 12

symptoms of pneumothorax

Answer 12

sudden SOB
pleuretic chest pain
that develop at rest

Question 13

clinical features of pneumothorax

Answer 13

reduced tactile fremitus ( breath sounds) on affected side
hypoxia
hyperressonance on affected side

Question 14

clinical features of tension pneumothorax (emergency)

Answer 14

pleurteic chest pain
breathlessness
tracheal deviation
reduced breath sounds and hyper-resonant on percussion

Question 15

what is a common cause of iatrongenic pneumothorax

Answer 15

mechanical ventilation

Question 16

underlying lung disease for secondary pneumothorax

Answer 16

COPD
asthma
cystic fibrosis
lung malignancy
pneumocystis pneumonia
pneumonia
TB

Question 17

what do patients with constrictive pericarditis present with

Answer 17

signs of right heart failure - fatigue, edema, hepatomegaly, dyspnea

Question 18

what bacteria causes infective endocarditis associated with IV drug use

Answer 18

staph aureus

Question 19

what are the risk factors for infective endocarditis

Answer 19

intravascular catheter placement
history of prosthetic heart valve
IV drug sue

Question 20

what is becks triad

Answer 20

muffled heart sounds
JV distension
hypotension

• cardiac tamponade

Question 21

what is pulsus paradox

Answer 21

decrease in systolic bp of >10mmHg - due to ventricular independence