renal

Question 1

what is AKI

Answer 1

rapid deteraition in kidney function (GFR)

Question 2

causes of pre-renal AKI

Answer 2

reduced perfusion to the kidney
hypovolemia (heamorrhage, over-diuresis, vomiting and diarrhoea)
low effective arterial blood volume (heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis)
renal artery stenosis
NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, diuretics

Question 3

intra-renal causes of AKI

Answer 3

structural or functional chnage at level of nephron

Acute tubular necrosis
acute interstitial nephritis (eosinophilic - caused by drugs e.g. NSAIDs, infection or immune mediated)
glomerular disease
intra-tubular obstruction

Question 4

causes of post-renal AKI

Answer 4

obstruction e.g.
ureters
bladder
prostate
external like ovarian tumours