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Cargo ops Flashcards

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1
Q

General Cargo Vessel - Sources of information when loading

A

Cargo securing manual
IMO code of practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing
Information from the shipper (general description, gross mass and special properties)
Loading Plan

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2
Q

General Cargo Vessel - Loading

A

Follow loading plan and ballast plan
Monitor stability, straight, trim, BM & SF
Keep upright
Frequent checks of cargo acceptability
Monitor cargo handling
Inspect lashings in accordance with the CSM
Monitor weather

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3
Q

Procedure for dealing with damaged cargo during loading

A

Don’t load
Carry out full inspection of the cargo with stevedores present
Take photos, and collect record of details
Cargo damage form filled out and given to stevedores
Consult with the company and local P&I correspondent if the extent of the damage requires a class / damage surveyor
In serious cases reject the cargo and consult with company

If pre-loading damage is found, the Master should notify owners and the local p&I correspondent and don’t
load the damaged cargo.

If the damage is caused by stevedores rough handling issue a Letter of Protest and obtain their acknowledgement of liability. Make an entry in the log book and notify
charterers as well as owners.

If damaged cargo has already been loaded, it is advisable to ship back the cargo and reship sound cargo as far as
practically possible.

If it is mutually agreed to load the damaged cargo, proper
remarks should be made on Mate’s Receipt and B/L

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4
Q

Actions if loading is not going to plan

A

Stop the loading, assess the issues, assess the stability / ballast plan, loading plan and discuss with terminal

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5
Q

General Cargo Vessel - actions upon completion of loading

A

The terminal will issue a mates receipt which is then signed by the vessel
Carefully inspect the cargo for any damage and endorse the receipt as necessary
Endorse the Bill of Lading according to the mates receipts
Ensure securing arrangements and lashings are adequate
Hatches C+SFS
Draught survey
Stability calculated
Note of all occurrences and times recorded and logged

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6
Q

Code for cargo securing?

A

The Code of safe practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing
Purpose: to provide an international standard for the safe Stowage, securing and carriage of cargoes
Requires that all cargo ships carrying cargoes other than in bulk must have a CSM approved by the administration

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7
Q

What does the CSS code include

A
  1. Ensuring the ship is equipped with the means to secure cargo
  2. Principles of safe Stowage and securing
  3. Developing the CSM and CSAP
  4. Standardized, semi standardized and non standardized securing systems
  5. Actions in heavy weather
  6. Actions to remedy the effects of cargo shift
  7. Annexes containing Stowage guidance for difficult cargos (coiled steel, heavy vehicles, under deck Stowage of logs, heavy lift)
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8
Q

Stowage of RoRo Cargo

A

Follow any advice / instructions from shipper
Follow the loading plan
Load vehicles in a fire and aft direction and stow closely athwartships
Ensure water spray / fire curtain areas are kept clear
Maintain safe access to the securing arrangements
Apply parking brakes and leave vehicles in gear
Ensure the deck plating is strong enough for any landing legs
Stow high sided vehicles as low as possible on the c/l

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9
Q

Precautions for loading Dangerous goods

A

Ensure on the manifest, clearly marked, stow as per the Imdg code, segregate appropriately

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10
Q

RoRo cargo securing

A

Follow CSS and CSM
Lashings / points in good condition
One lashing per securing point, equal tension, no crossovers
Avoid any free movement in the suspension of large vehicles
Chock the wheels of heavy vehicles

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11
Q

Heavy lift preparations for loading

A

Ensure the lift is well planned
Get information from shipper describing the cargo in detail (gross mass, centre of gravity, dimensions)
Carry out a full risk assessment including assessment of the weather etc
Preview the arrangements at load and discharge ports
Stability plan considering the point where the load is lifted (critical point)
May need to consult class society / flag state if unusual cargo
Inspect gear, SWL and certification, lashings etc
Prepare deck
Toolbox talk
On heavy lift ships the SMS and CSM should have a checklist to follow

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12
Q

Precautions during loading heavy lift

A

Inform port authority (passing ships)
Set up / test communications with all parties
Signal man in place
Stability assessed, even keel and upright
Moorings and gangways considered
Assess the lifting arrangements, consider the use of a spreader
Take weight slowly, and use steadying lines
Keep lift level
stowing and securing in line with CSM and CSS code

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13
Q

Timber Cargo Code Contents

A
  1. Recommendations for Stowage and Securing of TDCs
  2. Visibility
  3. Physical properties of TDCs
  4. Design principals for securing systems
    Annex 1 - guidance for developing the CSM
    Annex 2 - Sample checklists for Stowage and Securing
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14
Q

Actions if list develops on TDC

A

Determine cause (cargo shift on or below deck / water / ice accretion
Assess weather conditions, manoeuvre to protect crew and tighten cargo lashings if safe to do so
Assess stability and ballast / deballast if safe to do so
Ballast low side first if angle of Loll
Follow the CSS code and CSM
Jettison cargo if necessary

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15
Q

What to do if you need to jettisson the TDC

A

Consider the propellor
Consider crew safety
The use of the wiggle wire is the safest method
Report to vessels in the vicinity and nearest coastal state
Report to company
Proceed to a port of refuge if necessary
Note protest at the next port

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16
Q

TDC Stability

A

Initial GM not less than 0.1m
(0.15m for other ships, 0.3m for grain)
Consider the increases weight of water abdorption and ice accretion when calculating stability
Avoid excessive initial stability as this can increase a rapid violent motion in heavy seas causing large racking and stress on lashings
Recommended that GM should not exceed 3% of the bredth to prevent accelerated rolling
In Ireland the MS Load line rules allow an initial GM of 0.05m provided the timber is stowed and secured as per the code

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17
Q

Container ship regulations

A

CSM
CSS Code
IMO international convention for safe containers

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18
Q

What allows you to carry TDC?

A

The SMS and CSM should contain details of the arrangements and precautions for the Stowage and Securing of TDC
The vessel should be adequately equipped (lashings, securing points, uprights etc)

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19
Q

Where are the Timber loadlines

A

Aft of the plimbsol mark

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20
Q

How would you know how much cargo you can load

A

Using the hydrostatic tables to calculate the final displacement you can calculate how much cargo to load & carry out a draught survey

Take your loadline draft from the stability book (summer, winter etc)
Take your displacement for that draft from the hydrostatic tables. Calculate the displacement for dock water
(Displ. sw x DW p / 1025)
and subtract your lightship to get your dead weight and then subtract your ROB (fuel, FW, ballast, stores etc) to get max tonnage of cargo to load

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21
Q

You sail out and pick up a port list after a week what could cause this

A

Fuel, consumables etc, water absorption of the timber, cargo shift etc

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22
Q

Can you load timber without timber loadlines

A

Yes, but to normal lines. Should be loaded as per the TDC Code and your CSM.

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23
Q

Why can you load deeper with TDC

A

Extra buoyancy
The TDC provides extra protection against the impact of waves

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24
Q

Bulk Cargoes Info from the shipper

A

Certificates for MC, TML & any test certificates
The BCSN & Secondary names
The category of Cargo
The DG class of the cargo if applicable
The UN number
Total quantity
The Stowage factor (m3 occupied per tonne)
Trimming procedures
Angle of repose
MARPOL Marine Pollutant
Properties (flammable, toxicity, corrosiveness etc)

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25
Cargoes not listed in the code
The shipper shall provide the port of loading with the characteristics and properties of the cargo The port of loading will then assess the acceptability of the cargo If the cargo presents hazards of categories A or B the flag state and port of unloading is to be consulted. The 3 will decide conditions for carriage
26
Hazards of Coal
F. Flammable gasses - emits methane L. Liquefaction A. (Asphyxiation) Oxidation - O2 depletion S. Spontaneous combustion C. Corrosive aggression
27
For coals emmiting methane
Surface ventilation only - do not direct air into the body as can promote self heating Vent gasses prior to opening hold Monitor spaces for methane Apply ESE procedures
28
For self heating coals
Carry out temperature measurement prior to loading Only accept cargo is T <55°C Close hatches immediately after loading or if raining Surface ventilate to dissipate heat Monitor temps frequently & CO / Methane levels If T rising steadily shut down ventilation No smoking notices Don't stow near hot spaces Trim level to prevent air getting into the body All electrical components tested safe or isolated If CO >50ppm = Self heating situation T > 55°C = Potential Fire
29
Coal Fire
Shut down ventilation Boundary cooling Consult SMS procedures and IMSBC code Inform the company Consider FFS (CO2) Avoid water Seek expert advice (P&I Club) & Fire fighting experts Proceed to port of refuge On arrival port, contact local fire authorities and Note protest
30
Precautions for carriage of coal
Surface ventilation for first 24 hours. Measure for signs of CH4 & self heating (Temperature or increase in CO) If no signs of CH4 shut off ventilation to avoid promoting self heating Continue to take readings of Temperature, CH4 and CO Minimize readings if appropriate but at least dialy Avoid any chipping, smoking, hot work etc If CH4 / flammable gas is above 20% of the LEL ventilate holds and seek expert advice If CO is above 50ppm shut down vents and take measurements at least every 12 hours and seek expert advice
31
Grain Code Requirements
Mandatory under SOLAS Ch VI Grain or any non cohesive bulk cargo with an AOR of <30° Requires the ship to carry a DOA issued by the Administration Requires ships to have a Grain Loading Manual containing information to meet the stability requirements of the code
32
What is in the Grain Code
2 Parts Part A: DOA Stability Requirements Stowage of bulk grain Types of lashing Exemptions for certain voyages Part B: calculatio of assumed heeling moments
33
Grain Stability Requirements
GM x < 0.3m Area under GZ curve 0-40° not < 0.075mrad Angle of heel due to cargo shift x >12° or the DEI Ship upright Cargo trimmed
34
Loading Grain Cargo - what concerns?
Spontaneous combustion, self heating Moisture content Cargo shift Angle of repose Oxygen depletion Dust
35
What to do if Grain cargo shifts
Assess stability Assess weather and alter course to minimize rolling Activate any Emergency Response service eg LLoyds SERS Proceed to nearest port of refuge Muster crew at emergency stations if required Consider Salvage if required
36
If cargo shifts how much cargo do you know to unload
Using the volumetric heeling tables - you know the angle of list so you can work back
37
How do you calculate the heeling moment
Use the volumetric heeling tables in the Grain Stability manual using the displacement and KG to get the VHM and max permissable HM Divide the volumetric heeling moment by the Stowage Factor gives you the actual heeling moment Compare the actual heeling moment to the maximum permissable moment Approx heel = (Actual HM / Max HM) x 12°
38
Can you load a grain cargo without a DOA
You must gain permission from the competent authority of the port by proving to them that the ship is able to comply with the requirements of the grain code at all stages of the voyae
39
Fumigation of Cargo Holds
Aluminium Phosphide is the most common pesticide in the form of tablets Phosphine can cause respitory problems and even death Is highly flammable above concentrations of 1.8% Must be carried out by qualified personnel Must be dispersed equally sub surface - if rects with oxygen produces phosphine gas - highly flammable) Consult the IMSBC Code Holds must be properly sealed to contain the gas from escaping Test the gas tightness of ventilation trunks and shared bulkheads Ensure positive pressure kept in accomodation Crew must be trained on the risks Carry out regular gas monitoring Ensure crew aware of exposure symptoms Full ventilation afterwards and prior to opening hold Apply ESE procedures
40
Where would you find information on Fumigation
In the IMSBC code
41
Steel coils precautions when loading
Steel products are susceptible to damage - Ensure a pre-shipment survey is carried out to ensure mate's receipt and bills of lading accurately reflect the condition of the Coils. It is advised to take photos of pre-loading condition of the cargo. - Have a P&I Club representative present if possible as claims relating to Steel Coils are common. - Ensure Hatch covers are weather tight. - Holds and bilges clean and dry. - Proper Dunnage to help spread the load. - Ensure the CSM is followed for max permissable weight and cargo securing - Secure with axis if fore/aft direction. Final coil in the layer rests on adjacent coils as “locking” coil. - First layer chocked and chains used to lash.
42
Fire in Cargo Hold
1. Sound general alarm 2. Seal space and stop ventilation 3. Consult SMS, IMSBC, SDS or IMDG code for properties and FF procedures 4. Prepare distress message & manoeuvre the vessel away from danger and consider the wind effect (put wind astern). Display nav lights and shapes if required 5. Consider cargo type, activate FFS (hi fog) if appropriate 6. Boundary cooling and electrical isolation 7. Consider Adjacent spaces, machinery, other holds & consider shutting down ventilation 8. Recirculate ballast 9. Consider CO2 10. Inform the company, nearest coastal state, flag and MAIU 11. Proceed to port of refuge - radio ahead with nature and request fire brigade 12. On arrival contact local authorities and Note protest 13. Declare general average, contact H&M insurers, P&I and Class
43
How would you know how much timber you can load on deck
The stability booklet should include the max permissable deck loads (Intact stability code). Additionally consult the CSM Max weight on hatch covers Height of uprights Visibility over cargo
44
You’ve arrived in Port to load a Cargo of Steel Coils, notice there is rust on them, actions as master?
Don't load them. Contact the company and P&I club. Carey out a full inspection for the cargo, take pictures and ideally have a P&I club surveyor present Consult with company and P&I club and if required to ship endorse BoL with the description of damaged coils
45
Category X, Y, Z cargoes
Category X - major hazard to the environment Category Y - present a Hazard Category Z - minor hazard
46
Gas carriers 3 types of vessels
Type 1G - vessel designed to carry the most hazardous cargoes - chlorine Type 2G and 2PG - Lng and LPG Type 3G - Nitrogen or CO2
47
What's in the IMDG code
Provisions for packing, Stowage, segregation, labelling of DGs with a list of DGs and EmS and MFAG Split into 3 parts: Part 1: general provisions, packing, tank provisions and transport operations Part 2: Dangerous Goods list Supplement: EmS, MFAG, Reporting Procedures, Use of Pesticides in ships
48
Information prior to loading all cargoes
R. Related code I. Information from shipper C. CSM (Ensure Stevedores made aware of the req'ments) L. Loading plan
49
What are the test requirements for MC and TML
MC must have been tested for in a lab within the last 7 days TML must have been tested by a certified lab within the last 6 months If in any doubt a point a cargo surveyor
50
Sources of info for loading Grain
Int code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk Grain loading manual Stability and grain loading bookelet Information provided by the shipper Document of Authorisation
51
Who prepares the DGs manifest
Prepared by the agent from the various DG declarations
52
What's included in ISGOTT?
Part 1: General Information (hazards, properties, static electricity and FF) Part 2: Tanker Information (IG, ships eq, ship board ops, ESE) Part 3: Terminal Information Part 4: Operations controlled under Ship to shore Information (comms, mooring, bunkering, safety management)
53
Loading Plan for Tankers
An agreed loading plan must be made between the Responsible Officer and the Terminal Representative detailing tanks to be loaded, , initial max rates and topping off rates, lines to be used, temp limits, venting system,
54
New Chief Officer on Tankers
Go through: - company procedures, - ISGOTT - cargo handling manual - Items to be discussed & documents in the pre loading meeting - Ships cargo and safety systems - Required safety checks
55
Information required prior to loading on a tanker
- Cargo specification, quantity and grades - Flashpoints of products and loading Temperature - Loading Plan - SMS checklists and ship / shore checklist - If possible a sample shall be taken so the density can be checked to ensure the correct grade is being loaded
56
After loading on a Tanker
1. Shut down system 2. Measure the temperature and ullage in each tank to work out the loaded quantity 3. Close off mast riser to prevent loss of light cargoes & Closely monitor tank pressures 4. Drain manifold hose arms 5. Close all tank openings
57
Measures to prevent cargo loss claims on tankers
1. Ensure Onboard Quantity (OBQ) before loading is accurately calculated 2. Ensure the correct grade is being loaded (using samples) 3. Take and compare the loading rates hourly with the shore tank discharge rates to help ensure the cargo is not being misdirected in the loading terminal. 4. Record all changes in the date or stoppages 5. Take ullages and measure the quanitity loaded in consultation with surveyors of the terminal or charterers to ensure that the ullages and temperatures are agreed. If in doubt appoint a cargo surveyor for assistance in the calculations 6. If there is any rolling or pitching it is recommended that ullages are taken 5 times with the middle 3 averaged.
58
Action if there is a discrepancy between the Bill of Lading and ship figures on an Oil Tanker
- If there is an exceptional difference between the B/L and the ships figure the Master should decline to sign & insist on a thorough check of all measurements including those ashore. - If after a thorough check there is still a discrepancy the Master contact the P&I club, company and charterers and clause the B/L
59
How to avoid discrepancies in cargo at the discharge port
- Accurate temperature readings for the calculations - The ship owner may appoint a surveyor to check the shore reception facility. If an inspection of the terminal is refused this should be recorded. - The rate of discharge should be monitored and recorded hourly to compare with shore rates. - Ensure effective stripping of the tanks Thorough tank washing will help to reduce remaining quantities - The charterparty will usually call for COW ‘in accordance with MARPOL’ and will allow additional time for discharge when COW is performed. If the terminal will not allow satisfactory stern trim, or if they refuse COW the Master should protest to the terminal and to the charterers, stating that the vessel cannot be held responsible for any resulting cargo losses.
60
Would you load a container if you didn't know the VGM?
No the VGM is a mandatory requirement under SOLAS
61
Information required prior to loading a container
- VGM (verified gross mass) - cargo description (contents, weights, dimensions) - IMDG (shippers declaration) - Special carriage requirements (reefer, gas, temps etc)
62
Information for chemical tankers
- Certificate of Fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk - IBC code - MARPOL Annex 2 - Procedures and Arrangements Manual - COSWP
63
What is the procedures and arrangements manual. What does it contain?
The P&A manual is required by all vessels which carry category X, Y & Z cargo and details the physical arrangements and operational procedures for cargo handling, tank cleaning and slops handling which must be followed to comply with MARPOL Annex 2
64
Do grain ships have a cargo securing manual
No instead they have a grain loading manual
65
New requirements for bulk carriers and container vessels
1 Jan 26 - inclinometers fitted feeding into VDR
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