CARPAL BONES

Question 1

to them the original number of eight carpal bones is maintained

Answer 1

pig and humans

Question 2

they have seven or eight carpal bones, depending on the presence or absence of the first carpal bone

Answer 2

horse

Question 3

to them, the radial and intermediate carpal bones are fused, so that the total numbers of carpal bones is reduced to seven, although one or two sesamoid bones can be present.

Answer 3

carnivores

Question 4

have six carpal bones, the first carpal bone is missing and the second and third carpal bones are fused.

Answer 4

ruminants

Question 5

Typically the metacarpus consists of five long bones, the metacarpal bones one (Mc I) to five (Mc V) in ___________.

Answer 5

mediolateral sequence

Question 6

bearing an articular surface for the distal row of the carpal bones and additional facets towards its neighbours

Answer 6

proximal extremities (base, basis)

Question 7

bearing a trochlea for the articulation with the proximal phalanx and various roughenings for ligamentous attachments on both ends.

Answer 7

distal extremity (head, caput)

Question 8

Mc III–IV longest, Mc II–V shorter, Mc I most reduced

Answer 8

carnivores

Question 9

Mc III–IV well developed, Mc II–V reduced, Mc I missing

Answer 9

pig

Question 10

Mc III–IV fused (large metacarpal), Mc V small, Mc I–II missing

Answer 10

ruminants

Question 11

Mc III (cannon bone) only functional, Mc II & IV = splint bones, Mc I–V missing

Answer 11

horse

Question 12

digits present in carnivores

Answer 12

5

Question 13

digits present in pig

Answer 13

4 (2-5)

Question 14

digits present in ruminants

Answer 14

2 (3 & 4) + 2 non-functional (2 & 5

Question 15

digits present in horse

Answer 15

only digit 3

Question 16

arrangement of muscles, tendons and fascia (synsarcosis)

Answer 16

Articulations of the thoracic limb to the trunk

Question 17

Between glenoid cavity (scapula) and humeral head → spheroidal joint

Answer 17

shoulder/humeral joint

Question 18

Between humeral condyle, trochlear notch (ulna), radial head → hinge joint (ginglymus)

Answer 18

Elbow Joint (Humeroulnar)

Question 19

Articulation between radius and ulna

Answer 19

Radioulnar Joints

Question 20

• Hinge joint in the horse,
• Cochlear joint in ruminants
• Ellipsoidal joint in carnivores, where hinge movement occurs

Answer 20

Ulnocarpal and Radiocarpal Joint (Antebrachiocarpal Joint)

Question 21

Complex hinge joint

Answer 21

Middle Carpal Joint

Question 22

Articulation between individual carpal bones

Answer 22

Intercarpal Joint

Question 23

Carpometacarpal Joints

Answer 23

plane joints

Question 24

Joints between metacarpal bones

Answer 24

Intermetacarpal Joints

Question 25

Metacarpophalangeal Joints (Fetlock Joint)

Answer 25

Hinge joint

Question 26

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (Pastern Joint)

Answer 26

saddle joint

Question 27

Distal Interphalangeal Joints (Coffin Joint)

Answer 27

saddle joint