MUSCL

Question 1

responsible for the
contractile functions of the internal organs, lines the excretory ducts of glands, forms the blood and lymphatic vessel walls

Answer 1

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE

Question 2

From the middle germ layer differentiate
into mesenchymal stem cells, thus marking the
embryonal beginnings of muscle cells.

Answer 2

SOMITE CELLS

Question 3

The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate further into ___________ and then into contractile __________.

Answer 3

premyoblasts, myoblasts

Question 4

contain proteins, the myosin and actin
filaments, responsible for the contractility of the cell.

Answer 4

MYOBLASTS

Question 5

These proteins are specifically arranged in the cytoplasm according to muscle cell type, creating a typical striation.

Answer 5

myosin and actin

Question 6

Neighboring cells tend to fuse together, forming long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, also called _______________, which in the adult animal can reach up to 10cm in length and 100μm in diameter.

Answer 6

muscle fibres

Question 7

A skeletal muscle can be divided into three general
parts:

Answer 7

-contractile muscle belly
- tendons of origin
- insertion.

Question 8

attach to each end of the muscle belly and transfer the force generated by contraction of the belly to the skeleton.

Answer 8

TENDONS

Question 9

This type of muscle tires quickly, but its contractile strength is great.

Answer 9

WHITE MUSCLE TYPE

Question 10

When the cytoplasma of the muscle cell, the
sarcoplasma, contains proportionately more
myofilaments, then the muscle stores less myoglobin and appears pale

Answer 10

white muscle type

Question 11

with two parallel tendon sheaths

Answer 11

unipennate muscles (m. uipennatus)

Question 12

with double tendon sheaths

Answer 12

bipennate musles (m. bipennatus)

Question 13

with multiple tendon sheaths

Answer 13

Multipennate muscles (m. multipennatus)

Question 14

Spindle-shaped muscles

Answer 14

m. fusiformis

Question 15

Wide muscles

Answer 15

m. planus, whose tendon builds an aponeurosis

Question 16

Two-headed muscles

Answer 16

m. biceps

Question 17

Three-headed muscles

Answer 17

m. triceps

Question 18

Four-headed muscles

Answer 18

m. quadriceps

Question 19

Two-bellied muscles

Answer 19

m. biventer or dicastricus

Question 20

Circular muscles

Answer 20

m. obicularis

Question 21

sphincter muscles

Answer 21

m. spinhcter

Question 22

The muscles are supported in their many functions through passive structures such as the:

Answer 22

• Fasciae,
• Bursae (bursae synovialis)
• Tendon sheaths (vaginae synovialis tendinum).

Question 23

Muscles are individually sheathed in ________.

Answer 23

fasciae

Question 24

are expansive, thin and mesh-like sheets
consisting of mostly collagen but also elastic fibres.

Answer 24

fasciae

Question 25

are enclosed in a capsule of connective tissue.

Answer 25

synovial bursae

Question 26

are found everywhere in the body where muscles, tendons or ligaments glide over bone.

Answer 26

synovial bursae

Question 27

may develop subcutaneously at various sites subjected to constant mechanical pressure.

Answer 27

inconsistent or facultative bursae

Question 28

Synovial bursae are classified according to their location:

Answer 28

* Subtendinous bursae (bursae synoviales subtendinosae), * Submuscular bursae (bursae synoviales submusculares), * Subligamentous bursae (bursae synoviales subligamentosae) * Subcutaneous bursae (bursae synoviales subcutaneae).

Question 29

are similar to the bursae, except that they completely sheathed the tendons like a tube, protecting the underlying tissues from pressure exerted by the tendon and reducing friction during movement.

Answer 29

synovial tendon sheaths

Question 30

often form when the synovial membrane of a joint forms a recess (recessus), which then surrounds the tendon.

Answer 30

tendon sheaths