case studies beyond the uk-coasts

Question 1

background information- sundarbans

Answer 1

-a coastal area occupying the worlds largest delta over Bangladesh and India
the land is very flat and low lying

Question 2

challenges+ opportunities of subdarbans

Answer 2

CHALLENGES- growing population led to a need for more agricultural land so mangroves have been removed-increasing the risk of flooding and erosion
-theres a lack of fresh water as its used for agriculture and flooding causing salt water to contaminate it
-theres high levels of salinity in soils making it hard to grow crops
OPPORTUNITIES- mangroves provide resources (fish,timber)
-they also provide a natural defence against flooding and erosion
-tourism from species like Nepal tigers

Question 3

human responses to the challenges-subdarbans

Answer 3

RESILIENCE-NGO’S offering training in sustainable methods of fishing and farming
-solar panels available in remote villages to generate their own power-this make sit easier to give flood warnings
MITIGATION- 3,500km of embankments were built to prevent flooding but they are becoming eroded
-attempts to mitigate the impacts of extreme events by having cyclone shelters and early warning systems
ADAPTATION- salt resistant varieties of rice being grown
-to reduce sea levels rising they are building houses on stilts
-USAID trained 30,000 people on improving agricultural techniques in response to changing climates

Question 4

opportunities and challenges- ODISHA

Answer 4

OPPORTUNITES-

• large fish stocks
• heavy metal deposits and mineral used by Toyota
• tourism- olive Ridley turtles, chilika lake
• mangroves- used to farm timber and shrimp

CHALLENGES-
coastal erosion to the south
climate change
tsunamis and tropical storms
human intervention has interfered with sediment transfer and has destabilised patterns of wave energy

Question 5

management in ODISHA

Answer 5

-sea walls and rock armour used in the south
-only 14% of the coastline is stable
ICZM- aims to protect coastal environment- involves Indian government, world bank and Odishan government- it helped by replanting the mangroves and making cyclone shelters
INCREASED RESILIENCE: 1999, 10,000 people killed by cyclone.
in 2013 only 44 people were killed- this was due to proper warning systems, evacuation and cyclone shelters

Question 6

background information of KIRIBATI

Answer 6

• east Australia and consists of 33 small islands
• its less than 3m above sea level
• sea levels rising 1.2cm per year (4 times the average)

Question 7

challenges of KIRIBATI

Answer 7

• beach erosion
• sea levels rising
• contamination of fresh water

Question 8

responses for KIRIBATI

Answer 8

• coral reefs are critical to sustaining the island but high temps are causing coral bleaching
• its 200 times more likely to become flooded by 2080
• the locals use the bleached coral as sea walls
• the government has bought land on Fiji for people to move
• mangroves are being built as they slow down water and cause soil levels to rise
• theres plans to build up Tarawa above sea levels by dredging from the lagoon
• elevated bridge road is being built in Tarawa to keep connections and transport