ODISHA

Question 1

3 MAIN FEATURES

Answer 1

• chilika lake
• manhandi delta
• mangroves

Question 2

erosion

Answer 2

R- 36% of coast line eroding, trying to halt erosion has shifted the problem down the coastline

• sea wall built by ICZM project mostly funded by WB
• 8m wave in 2019 destroyed 27 houses due to erosion

Question 3

tourism

Answer 3

R-storm surges effect tourism near chilika lake
O- chilika lake has Irrawaddy dolphins(rare), ecotourism due to biodiversity, developing new beaches such as Talasari beach
tourism has increased by 68%

Question 4

fishing

Answer 4

R- illegal shrimp farming causing overfishing(bhetki fish have no longer exist there), ban on fishing when olive Ridley turtles breed, local fisheries are being kicked out by larger companies
O- large fish stocks, mangroves and lagoons good for fishing, 62% of population work in agriculture activities

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

R- mineral lead to more erosion on the coastline
O- potential for offshore energy, 35% of coast has minerals, oil and gas offshore, dependent on coal from huge reserves, Toyota extract zircons
hall a million lives are associated with coal mining in odisha

Question 6

settlement

Answer 6

R-government concerned over vulnerability to tsunamis and storm surges- majority of people live on the coast, only 17% of the population live in urban areas
-due to soil salinity coconut trees less efficient at producing yield- now growing groundnuts
-well water now saline
O- flat land for housing, mangroves used for fuel, wood and timber

Question 7

human responses GENERAL INFO

Answer 7

• one of the fastest growing economies in India
• in 2021 its GDP grew by 10%
• odisha has seen investment in mining and manufacturing

Question 8

human responses RESILIENCE

Answer 8

odishan cyclone in 1999 killed 10,000 people, 12.9 million people were effected, 1.6 million homes damaged, 9000 fishing boats sank
cyclone Phailin in 2013 only killed 50 people, it had a 3 m storm surge, one million were evacuated in less than 2 days

Question 9

human responses MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

Answer 9

• NCRMP have invested $25 million since 2011, they added an early warning system, built 23 bridges to connect communities, built 285 new cyclone shelters, improve 140 km of existing coastal embankments to help protect agricultural land
• ICZMP has helped 650 groups in alternative livelihoods like fish farming