aspirin penicillins NSAIDs opiates

Causes Flashcards by Yas Abdullah

Causes

Drugs causing flushing

isosorbide mononitrate
sildenafil
nicotinic acid
verapamil
amlodipine
nicorandil
tamoxifen

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Causes

Erythema nodosum

Infection:

Streptococci, (most common)
Tb,
Brucellosis
coccidioidomycosis
Yersinia enterocolitica

Systemic disease:

Sarcoidosis,
Inflammatory bowel disease,
Behcet’s

Malignancy/lymphoma

Drugs:

Penicillins,
Sulphonamides,
Combined oral contraceptive pill

Pregnancy

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Causes

Erythema multiforme

Herpes simplex virus (the most common cause), orf*
Idiopathic
Mycoplasma, streptococcus
Penicillin, sulphonamides, carbamazepine, allopurinol, NSAIDS, oral contraceptive pill, nevirapine
Connective tissue disease e.g. SLE
Sarcoidosis
Malignancy

Infections

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Herpes simplex virus
Orf
TB

Drugs

Penicillins
Sulphonamides
Barbiturates
NSAID

Miscellaneous

Connective tissue diseases
Vasculitides
Internal malignancy

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Causes

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Idiopathic in 50%
Inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, crohn’s
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Rheumatoid arthritis, sle
Myeloproliferative disorders
Lymphoma, myeloid leukaemias
Monoclonal gammopathy (iga)

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Causes

Acanthosis nigricans

GIT cancer (Gastric adenocarcinoma)
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Acromegaly
Cushing’s disease
Hypothyroidism
Familial
Prader-Willi syndrome
Drugs:
- Oral contraceptive pill,
- Nicotinic acid

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Causes

Urticaria

aspirin
penicillins
NSAIDs
opiates

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Causes

The differential diagnosis of shin lesions

Erythema nodosum
Pretibial myxoedema
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

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Causes

Photosensitivity

SLE
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Erythropoietic Porphyria
Pemphigoid
Pemphigus
Drugs
- Thiazides
- NSAIDS
- Sulphonamides
- Tetracyclines
- Ciprofloxacin
- Antihistamines
- OCPs

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Causes

Causes of drug-induced photosensitivity

thiazides
tetracyclines, sulphonamides, ciprofloxacin
amiodarone
NSAIDs e.g. piroxicam
psoralens
sulphonylureas

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Causes

Café-au-lait spots

Neurofibromatosis type I & II
Tuberous sclerosis
Fanconi anaemia
Mccune-Albright syndrome

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Causes

Steven-Johnson syndrome

sulphonamides
carbamazepine
lamotrigine
Allopurinol

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Causes

Causes of orogenital ulcers

Behçet’s syndrome
Crohn’s disease
Herpes simplex virus
Ulcerative colitis
Reiter’s syndrome
Lichen planus
Syphilis
Gonococcal infection
HIV
Pemphigus pemphigoid
Stevens–Johnson syndrome

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Causes

Macroglossia (big tongue)

hypothyroidism
acromegaly
amyloidosis
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
mucopolysaccharidosis (e.g. Hurler syndrome)

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Causes

Causes of orogenital ulcers and venous

thromboses

Causes of orogenital ulcers and venous

thromboses

Behçet’s syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
Reiter’s syndrome

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Causes

Causes of white lesions in the oral mucosa

Lichen planus
Leukoplakia
Chronic candidiasis
Chemical burns

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Causes

Strawberry tongue

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Strawberry tongue

Kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever

Causes

Gingival hyperplasia

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Gingival hyperplasia

Drug causes of gingival hyperplasia

phenytoin
ciclosporin
calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine)

Other causes of gingival hyperplasia include

acute myeloid leukaemia (myelomonocytic and monocytic types)

Causes

Dry mouth (drugs)

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Dry mouth

isotretinoin
levodopa
antipsychotics
tricyclic antidepressants

Causes

Mucositis (drugs)

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Mucositis

methotrexate

Causes

Ototoxicity (drugs)

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Ototoxicity

loop diuretics
aminoglycosides

Causes

Onycholysis (drugs)

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Onycholysis

Idiopathic
Trauma e.g. Excessive manicuring
Infection: especially fungal
Skin disease: psoriasis, dermatitis
Impaired peripheral circulation e.g. Raynaud’s
Systemic disease: hyper- and hypothyroidism

Causes

Clubbing

Respiratory causes of clubbing

Unilateral clubbing

Unidigital clubbing

Only in upper limb

Clubbing of toes

Cardiac causes of clubbing

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Clubbing

almost always seen with

Advanced IPF
Asbestosis

commonly seen with

Cystic fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Lung cancer

almost never seen with:

Emphysema
Sarcoidosis

Respiratory causes of clubbing

Abscess (lung) and Asbestosis
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Dirty tumours (bronchogenic carcinoma, mesothelioma)
Empyema
Fibrosing alveolitis (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis).

Unilateral clubbing

Pancoast tumor
Subclavian & innominate artery aneurysm

Unidigital clubbing

Traumatic
Gout
sarcoidosis

Only in upper limb

In heroin addicts due to chronic obstructive phlebitis unilateral clubbing is seen,
also in aneurysm of major extremity arteries, with infected arterial graft ,arteriovenous fistulas of brachial vessels.

Clubbing of toes

infected abdominal aortic aneurysm
patent ductus arteriosus

Cardiac causes of clubbing

cyanotic congenital heart disease (Fallot’s, TGA)
bacterial endocarditis
atrial myxoma

Other causes:

Crohn’s, to a lesser extent UC
cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis
Graves’ disease (thyroid acropachy)
rare: Whipple’s disease

Causes

Causes of pharyngitis and rash

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Causes of pharyngitis and rash

scarlet fever caused by GABHS (diffuse erythema with fine, sandpaper-like papules),
acute HIV (maculopapular),
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (diffuse erythema),
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (erythema multiforme),
Epstein Barr virus (maculopapular in 30% and up to 90% if given ampicillin), and
coxsackieviruses (vesicular).

Causes

Organisms causing necrotizing fasciitis

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Organisms causing necrotizing fasciitis

group A or B strep,
Vibrio vulnificus,
S. aureus, and
Clostridium species.

Causes Causes of purpura Palpable Non-palpable

Causes of purpura Palpable * Vasculitis (leukocytoclastic vasculitis) * Drugs (antibiotics) * Infections (Hepatitis C) * Autoimmune connective tissue diseases (RA, lupus, Sjogren syndrome) * HSP * PAN * Embolic type * Meningococcemia * Disseminated gonococcal infection * RMSF * Erythema gangrenosum Non-palpable * Steroid Purpura * ITP * Vascular fragility (Amyloidosis Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) * Thrombi * DIC * TTP * Warfarin reaction * Cryoglobulinemia * Thrombocytosis * Fat emboli

Causes Tinnitus

Tinnitus * Pulse synchronous tinnitus with idiopathic intracranial hypertension * Intermittent tinnitus with Ménière's * Aspirin overdose * High noise levels * Hearing loss

Causes Flashcards

(26 cards)