Toxicology

Question 1

Precipitation of digoxin toxicity

Answer 1

• Hypokalaemia
• Hypomagnesaemia
• Increasing age
• Renal failure
• hypercalcaemia,
• myocardial ischemia,
• hypoxemia
• acid-base disturbances.

Drugs:

• Verapamil
• Diltiazem
• Amiodarone

Question 2

Precipitation of serotonin syndrome

Answer 2

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Tramadol
• Linezolid

Link

Question 3

Causes of folate deficiency

Answer 3

• Nutritional deficiency, particularly in alcoholics or anyone who does not eat green leafy vegetables or overcooks their vegetables
• Pregnancy
• Hemolysis, psoriasis, or any other disease with high cell production and turnover
• Phenytoin, which accelerates folate metabolism and contributes to deficiency

Question 4

Opioid agonists that can be used for managing opioid withdrawal

Answer 4

• methadone
• buprenorphine

Question 5

Charcoal does not bind to some substances

Answer 5

• Pesticides
• Heavy metals
• Acid/alkali/alcohol
• Iron
• Lithium
• Solvents

(mnemonic: PHAILS)

Question 6

Medications to avoid in the setting of cocaine use

Answer 6

Link

Question 7

Agents for which alkaline diuresis may enhance elimination

Answer 7

• Salicylates
• Methotrexate
• Barbiturates
• Phenobarbital
• Sulfonamides

Question 8

Drugs that can be cleared with haemodialysis

Answer 8

Drugs that can be cleared with haemodialysis

mnemonic: C BLAST

• Carbamazepine
• Barbiturate
• Lithium
• Alcohol, Atenolol
• Salicylates, sodium valproate
• Theophyllines (charcoal haemoperfusion is preferable)

Question 9

Drugs which cannot be cleared with haemodialysis

Answer 9

Drugs which cannot be cleared with haemodialysis

• tricyclics
• benzodiazepines
• dextropropoxyphene (Co-proxamol)
• digoxin
• beta-blockers