Cell Division

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

division of a parent cell into daughter cells

Question 2

centriole

Answer 2

structure that helps to form the spindle

Question 3

spindle

Answer 3

microtubule structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis

Question 4

cell cycle

Answer 4

cell grows, prepares to divide, then divides to start growth process again; interphase + M phase

Question 5

telophase

Answer 5

last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear membranes start to reform

Question 6

interphase

Answer 6

cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

Question 7

mitosis

Answer 7

division of the nucleus or chromosomes; creates two genetically identical cells

Question 8

metaphase

Answer 8

phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 9

prophase

Answer 9

first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and nuclear membraine disappears

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

division of the cytoplasm (cytosol and organelles)

Question 11

anaphase

Answer 11

phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Question 12

cancer

Answer 12

uncontrolled cell division

Question 13

G1 phase

Answer 13

stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

Question 14

S phase

Answer 14

stage of interphase in which DNA is replicated

Question 15

G2 phase

Answer 15

stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles

Question 16

gamete

Answer 16

sex cell, sperm or egg

Question 17

meiosis

Answer 17

type of cell division that creates gametes; creates four cells that are genetically unique

Question 18

crossing-over

Answer 18

process by which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces, resulting in greater genetic variety

Question 19

sister chromatids

Answer 19

a chromosome and its identical copy

Question 20

centromere

Answer 20

location where sister chromatids are attached

Question 21

What is the relationship between chromatin and chormosomes?

Answer 21

During prophase chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.

Question 22

what term describes the genetic material found in each part of the cell cycle.

Answer 22

The term for genetic material in a cell cycle is chromatin during most of the cycle, and chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin is the relaxed, decondensed form of DNA and proteins, while chromosomes are the highly condensed, visible structures that form when a cell prepares to divide

Question 23

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into

Answer 23

chromosomes

Question 24

Define chromatin?

Answer 24

chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division. When the cell is not
dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible
with a light microscope.

Question 25

What is a kinetochore?

Answer 25

A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle