Cell evolution

Question 1

What came first: membranes or ‘genetics’?

Answer 1

• We do not know
• kinda like the chicken and the egg
• the origin dilema

Question 2

Hadean Eon

Answer 2

Hadean eo: 4.6-4 million years ago. It consisted of erth coalescing,water, moon,core acceleration, magnetic field and late bombardment stage. the first biological molecules on Earth were formed by metal based catalysts on the crystalline surfaces of minerals. The Headean eon was hot and wet. The Hadean ocean consisted of active antle plumes, the same process seen in curren islanf formation, uniformitatiamism, and serpentination

Question 3

Urey-Miller experiment

Answer 3

• 1953
• they provided conditions of the Hadean Earth (heat and a closed system)
• they added lightening which gave rise to biologicaly important molecules
• first demonstration of abiogenesis

Question 4

Genetic Origins - RNA versus Chemical Chimera

Answer 4

• two genetic origin perspectives: top down (rna and ribosome first) and bottom up (the chemical chimera)

Question 5

The Theory of Endosymbiosis regarding (eukaryotic) cellular*****
evolution

Answer 5

• symbiotic benefit for organisms that was eating
• one organism living inside of a cell of another organism for their mutual benefit

Question 6

primary endosymbiosis versus secondary endosymbiosis***

Answer 6

• Primary endosymbiosis refers to the engulfment and establishment of a free-living prokaryote by a primitive eukaryotic host cell.
• secondary endosymbiosis occurs when a eukaryotic host cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis, or eukaryotic host engulfs another prokaryote. eats twice

Question 7

viral contribution to the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?****

Answer 7

• virus like started first because it has rna.
• vrsus early hypothesis
• regression hypothesis
• escaped genes hypothesis

Question 8

the origin dilema

Answer 8

• life requires molecules that possess a crucial property: the ability to catalyze reactions that lead, directly, or indirectly, to production of more molecules like themselves

Question 9

the ‘Theory of Abiogenesis’

Answer 9

• the idea that life arose from nonlife. Proposes that the first life forms generated were very simple and through a gradual process became increasingly complex

Question 10

Top down approach

Answer 10

• Rna and ribosome first
• they are fundamental genetic markers to assess relatedness
• allow us to diferentiat domains
• rna is important to biochemical processes
  -most commonly ascribes theory
• rna in LUCA

Question 11

the chemical chimera

Answer 11

• prebiotic soup
• combination of dna and rna building blocks
• molecules formed are more stable than formation from rna
• theoretical legs and experimental sustantialtion
• more recent

Question 12

why is the chemial chimera theory more supported

Answer 12

• the origin of genetics is still fuzzy, but recent research better supports the chemical chimera
• increased chemical surface area for interaction
• increased molecular stability
• greater probability of rna-dna synthesis as opposed to bond-cementing

Question 13

what is luca

Answer 13

the last universal common ancestor
- believed to have been a relatively simple, single-celled organism
- One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the concept of LUCA is the universal genetic code shared by all living organisms. The genetic code used by DNA and RNA to encode information is remarkably consistent across diverse forms of life.

Question 14

bottom up

Answer 14

• the chemical chimera
• a hybrid molecule composed of an assortment of RNA and DNA