cell theory, structure and function

Question 1

What is the Cell Theory and why is it important to modern biology?

Answer 1

1. All living things are made of cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and functions in living things
3. All cells come from pre existing cells through cell division
   - important to modern biology because it allows us to understand how organisms are created, grow, and die. helps us understand how life is created, why organisms take the form they do, how cancer spreads, how diseases can be managed and so on

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

a highly organized membran-bound compartment capable of independant reproduction

Question 3

Contrast Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

• both have cell membrane, dna, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
• eukaryotes have membrane bound nucleaus, prokarotes do not
• prokaryotes (0.1-5 micrommeetr) are much smaller than eukaryotes (10-100 micrometer)
• prokaryotes replicate more often and have increased surface area
• eukaryotes undergo cell division more often to increase surface area
• eukaryotes have specialized cells that preform special functions; ex. mitochonria, smooth and rough er, golgi apperatus, lysosome, perioxisomes, nucleaus, nucleoulus, lamins

Question 4

How can Eukaryotic cells be so large?

Answer 4

• compartmentalization of cytoplasmic organelles allows effiecncy
• undergo cell division with allows for increased size while still maintaining increases surface area to volume ratio

Question 5

What is endocytosis and why is vesicle trafficking important to cell function and life?

Answer 5

• endocytosis is a type of active transport tht moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell
• vesicle traffiking plays an important role in intercellular communications, it is fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of a membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes. can help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials

Question 6

Why do different cell types have different amounts of organelles, e.g. mitochondria, peroxisomes

Answer 6

cells have different jobs. for example muscle tissue in the heart may need more mitochonrida to ATP because heart muscles always need to to be moving. ex. liver cells have abundance of perioxsomes because the liver removes drugs, chemicals, and toxins from the body and neutralizes them. perioxisomes are enters for oxidation

Question 7

briefly describe spontaneous generation theory

Answer 7

non iving materials can continuously give rise to living organisms. for example, rotting meat would turn into maggots

Question 8

describe one experiment that discarded the spontaneous generation hypothesis and the name of the scientist that performed it

Answer 8

• francesco reid
• 3 containers, all will rotting meat insie. One had no lid, one was covered with a gauze covering, and one with a cork sealed lid. The open container has maggots, but so did they gause-covered one. The cork sealed one had no maggots. therefore the rotting meat did not generate maggots, flies were simily attracted to the rotting meet, accounting for the gauze covered container also have maggots.

Question 9

misma

Answer 9

noxious (bad) air spontaneosuly produced by putrefying (decaying) carcasses, refuse, rotting foods, and vegetation

Question 10

why should we care bout cell theory

Answer 10

• classify organisms
• help give insight into disease
• helps us better undertsnad ourselevs (cells are building blocks of life0
• if we understand ourseleves, we can increase quality of life for ourselve

Question 11

louie pastuer experiment

Answer 11

• developed germ theory and disproved spontaneous generation theory
• germ theory states that invisible microorganisms attracted by the air spoil things
• milk experiment
  had a flask which had a curve to prevent the outside air from entering the flask. no contaimination occurs. if neck of flask is broken off, bacteria can reach the sterile milk and organism growth occurs

Question 12

robert hooke

Answer 12

• developed compund microscope
  -observed plants, things in nature
• coained the term cell

Question 13

van leeuwekhoek

Answer 13

• leeuwenhoek microscope
• looked at water samples, spermsamples, and could see things you couldnt see with the naked eye
• had a theory to disprove spontanous generation

Question 14

what consitiues a livinf thing

Answer 14

all living things are made of cells

Question 15

schlediden

Answer 15

discovered all plant tissues have cells and the embryonic cells come from a simgle cell

Question 16

schwann

Answer 16

discovered all animal tissues are made of cells
- schwann cells
- all living things are composed of cells and cell products

Question 17

virchow and remak

Answer 17

• cell division
  -virchow took remaks work

Question 18

4 features shared between all cells

Answer 18

-cell membrane
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- DNA

Question 19

cell membrane

Answer 19

• keeps things contained

Question 20

cytoplasm

Answer 20

jelly like space with organelles

Question 21

ribosomes

Answer 21

make proteins

Question 22

dna

Answer 22

manuel for life