Cell purpose

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

Photosynthesis: converts sunlight into glucose
🌿 Plant only
Contains green pigment chlorophyll

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

Provides support and shape
🌿 Plant only
Made of cellulose

Question 3

large central vacuole

Answer 3

Stores water, nutrients, and helps maintain shape
🌿 Plant only
Takes up most of the cell volume

Question 3

starch granule

Answer 3

Stores energy as starch
🌿 Plant only

Question 4

centriole

Answer 4

Helps in cell division (mitosis) 🧬 Animal

Question 5

lysosome

Answer 5

Breaks down waste and old organelles (digestion)
🧬 Animal
Contains digestive enzymes

Question 6

nucleas

Answer 6

Controls cell activity, holds DNA Both
Usually the largest organelle

Question 7

ribosome

Answer 7

(B) gives cells shape
Builds proteins
Both

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

controls cell activity
Jelly-like fluid where reactions happen, holds organelles
Both

Question 9

vacuole

Answer 9

(B) produces ribosomal RNA
both
central structure in plants
move cytoplasm to edge

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

stores compounds
Makes ribosomes, found inside the nucleus
Both
Dark spot inside the nucleus

Question 11

golgi body

Answer 11

(
Packages and ships proteins out of the cell
Both
Looks like stacked pancakes

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

(B) controls entry/exit of material into/out of cells
Rough ER has ribosomes, which make proteins to send to golgi
Smooth ER doesn’t have ribosomes and makes lipids (fats oils) and hormones

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

(B) modifies, sorts and packages proteins
Produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration
site of cellular respiration
Both

Question 14

plasma/cell membrane

Answer 14

(B) transport within the cell
Controls what enters/leaves the cell (selectively permeable)
made of phospholipid bilayer( has portein channels and the phosolipd heads- hydrophilic and tails- hydrophobic)
Both

Question 15

What is NADPH and when is it made?

Answer 15

NADPH = energy carrier molecule made during light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane

Question 16

What is SA:V and why is it important

Answer 16

small objects → high SA:V → exchange faster; large objects → low SA:V → exchange slower

Cells: small → fast nutrient/waste exchange

Leaves: thin/flat → fast gas exchange

Animals: mouse loses heat faster than elephant

Question 17

What is sex linkage

Answer 17

A sex-linked trait is caused by a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome).
Most sex-linked traits are X-linked because the X chromosome is larger and carries more genes.
Males have only one X, so if they inherit a recessive allele on it, it will be expressed, even if it’s recessive.
Females have two X chromosomes, so a recessive allele is often masked by a dominant allele.

Question 18

In terms of tortiseshell cat colour? sex linkage

Answer 18

Only female cats can have this black and orange coat colour as they have the chromosomes XX so both alleles for black and orange can be co dominant and express together. whereas with male’s they have the chromosomes XY and can only have either the black or orange allele present/expressed as there will only be one gene for the coat colour as it is missing a lot more of its chromosome then the female, therefore the male can not share a coat colour and will either be orange or black.