Mutations

Question 1

What is a mutation

Answer 1

A permanent change in DNA

Question 2

What is a point mutation

Answer 2

Change in a single nucleotide

Question 3

What is a chromosomal mutation

Answer 3

Change in part or all of a chromosome

(These mutations can result from errors in chromosome packaging or cell division, leading to issues such as down syndrome or certain types of cancer. )

Question 4

Name a cause of mutations

Answer 4

Errors in DNA replication

Question 5

Give an effect of a mutation

Answer 5

Genetic variation, disease, or not effect

Question 6

How can mutations be beneficial

Answer 6

Can give an organism a survival or reproductive advantage.

Question 7

. Frame-shift Mutations:

Answer 7

Insertions or deletions shift the reading frame of codons.

Alters all amino acids downstream, often producing a nonfunctional protein

Question 8

Insertion

Answer 8

One or more bases are added into the DNA sequence. - causing frameshift

Question 9

Deletion

Answer 9

One or more bases are removed from the DNA sequence. - causing framshift

Question 10

Duplication

Answer 10

A section of DNA is copied and repeated.

Question 11

Translocation

Answer 11

A piece of DNA breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

A section of DNA flips around (reverses its order).

Question 13

gametic mutation

Answer 13

Mutations that occur in sperm or egg cells.
They can be passed on to offspring and affect future generations.

Question 14

Somatic mutations:

Answer 14

Mutations that occur in body cells (not sperm or egg).
They can affect the individual but are not passed on to offspring.