Cellular Adaptations

Question 1

Reversible Disorders of Growth

Answer 1

Question 2

Atrophy + Involution

Answer 2

DECREASE in size or amount of cell, tissue, organ AFTER normal growth has been reached
- decreased organ size/weight
- decreased # of cells
- decreased size of cells

DECREASED functional capacity

Question 3

Hypertrophy

Answer 3

INCREASED cell SIZE not number

• histologic architecture normal but cells are bigger
• cytoplasm swells d/t increased numbers + size of organelles

Question 4

Hyperplasia

Answer 4

INCREASE in cell NUMBER = increased mitotic divisions

• chronic hyperplasia = increased times genetic info replicated = increased opportunities for mutations (neoplasia)
• hypertrophy may also be seen concurrently
• increase in response to increased +/or on-going stimulus or to accommodate tissue loss

Question 5

Metaplasia

Answer 5

one cell type replaced by another cell type
-less-differentiated reserve (or stem) cells differentiate along a different line

cause = chronic irritation or damage

within same germline
- usually epithelial (usually specialized -> less specialized)
- less commonly mesenchymal (CT -> bone)

not neoplastic

Question 6

Dysplasia

Answer 6

abnormal organization + cell maturation (disarray) +/- cellular atypia

2 major forms:
1) developmental/primary -> congenital conditions - gen referring to organ/tissue
2) acquired/secondary -> viral infection, chronic irritation/damage

carries potential to progress to neoplasia