the ability to understand what is being said
receptive language
the ability to use language to communicate ideas appropriately
expressive language
involves the basic understanding of the nature of reading
1. we read left to right
2. we are reading words on a page
print awareness
the principles that must be mastered before learning to read and are key to print awareness
1. knowledge and identification of a word, letter, and sentence
2. knowledge of the many uses of print
3. knowledge of the overarching structure of a book or story (title, beginning, middle, end)
concepts of print
describes the words children see regularly in their environment, like product names, street signs, business names, and menus at restaurants
environmental print
print is red from left to right and top to bottom and the reader’s eye moves from the end of one line to the beginning of the next line
return sweep
the general ability to understand that within the structure of oral language, there are subparts
1. individual words
2. syllables
3. onsets
4. rimes
phonological awareness
units within words
*typically containing a single vowel sound
syllables
beginning consonant sounds of words
onsets
letters following onsets
rimes
repetition of beginning sounds
alliteration
distinct units of sound and the basic units of language
phonemes
the study and classification of phonemes or sounds and is part of explicit, systematic phonics instruction
phonetics
the knowledge and ability to use phonemes
phonemic awareness
involves putting sounds together to make words
phoneme blending
sounding out a word
phoneme segmentation
placing letters into individual boxes to aid in phoneme segmentation
Elkonin boxes
a phoneme is removed to make a new word
ramp - /p/ = ram
phoneme deletion
one phoneme is changed to make a new word
flat /t/ to flap /p/
phoneme substitution
