connects written language to spoken language or by correlating certain sounds with certain letters or groups of letters
phonics
involves the repeated application of certain procedures or rules to decode text
recursive
follows a logical sequence where you progress and build upon previously mastered knowledge
systematic
taught via direct instruction as opposed to implicit means
explicit instruction
simply the knowledge of phoneme (sound) associated with a given letter
*foundational skill for effective phonics instruction
letter-sound correspondence or phoneme-grapheme correspondence
an understanding that words are made up of written letters that represent spoken sounds
alphabetic principle
the ability to pronounce the sounds of written words orally and understand their meaning
decoding
follows basic principles of phonics
-sound the words out once structural deviations are mastered
-like long vowel sounds with a word ending in -e, and various digraphs like /th/ and /ay/
decodable
words that deviate from the standard rules of phonics
-must be memorized through frequent exposure
non-decodable
words that require no decoding because they are instantly recognized and read automatically
sight words
most popular sight word list containing 315 words determined to be the most frequently used in English
Dolch Word List
an approach that involves more than one sense: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile
multisensory approach
most common and effective types of phonics instruction; explicitly taught to break down words into their component phonemes and sound them out
synthetic phonics
particularly designed sequence
1. teaching individual letter sounds
2. teaching consonant blends
3. teaching consonant digraphs
4. teaching irregular / challenged vowel sounds like r-controlled vowels
systematic phonics instruction
words in sentences in paragraphs instead of only in isolated or lists
connected texts
reading text
encoding
combined approach where reading and spelling are taught in tandem
phonics through spelling
children learn to spell by first spelling all words phonetically
invented spelling
system based on applying sound (phoneme) - symbol (grapheme or letter) knowledge while reading
graphophonic cuing
- closed
- open
- vowel consonant -e
- vowel teams
- consonant -le
6.r-controlled
syllable patterns
most common; end in a consonant making a short vowel
example: stretch, com-puter, bat, backing
closed syllables
end in vowels and make long vowel sounds
example: ri-val, mi-cro-phone, to-tal
open syllables
end in -e, making vowel sound long
example: de-code, rude, brake
vowel consonant -e syllables
two vowels next to each other making a single sound; some are digraphs and others consist of 3 or 4 letters
example: laugh, high, hay
vowel teams
