ch 43 sleep

Question 1

sleep cycle stage 1 NREM

Answer 1

• lasts few minutes
• lightest level of sleep
• decreased physiological activity begins with gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism
• sensory stimuli easily arouse person
• when awakened, peson feels as though daydreaming

Question 2

sleep cycle stage 2 NREM

Answer 2

• 10-20 minutes
• period of sound sleep
• relaxation progresses
• body functions continue to slow
• arousal remains relatively easy

Question 3

sleep cycle stage 3 NREM

Answer 3

• 15-30 minutes
• initial stage of deep sleep
• muscles completely relaxed
• vital signs decline but remain regular
• difficult to arouse and rarely moves

Question 4

sleep cycle stage 4 NREM

Answer 4

• 15-30 min
• deepest stage of sleep
• if sleep loss has occured, sleeper spends considerable part of night in this stage
• vital signs significantly lower than waking hours
• sleepwalking and enuresis sometimes occur
• difficult to arouse

Question 5

REM sleep

Answer 5

• begins 90 min after sleep has begun
• duration increases with each cycle and averages 20 min
• vivid full-color dreaming
• eyes move, fluctuating heart rate and respirations, BP changes, loss of skeletal muscle tone, increase in gastric secretions
• difficult to arouse

Question 6

sleep cycle

Answer 6

stage 1->2->3->4->3->2->REM->2->3->4->3->2->REM

Question 7

insomnia

Answer 7

• chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep, and/or a short or nonrestorative sleep
• most common (especially for women)
• often signals underlying physical or psychological disorder
• transient insomnia (situational)

Question 8

sleep apnea

Answer 8

• lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep
• 3 types- central, obstructive, mixed
• causes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue
• central-dysfunction of resiratory center in brain

Question 9

narcolepsy

Answer 9

dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states

• REM occurs 15 min within falling asleep
• vivid dreams difficult to distinguish from reality

Question 10

cataplexy

Answer 10

associated with narcolepsy
-sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions that can occur at any time of the day, pt may lose voluntary muscle control

Question 11

sleep deprivation

Answer 11

• result of dyssomnia

- caused by illness, emotional strain, medication, environmental disturbances, and variability of sleep timing

Question 12

parasomnia

Answer 12

• more common in children

- sleepwalking, night terrors, nightmares, bedwetting, body rocking, and bruxism (teeth grinding)

Question 13

sleep safety

Answer 13

• night-light
• bed set to lowest setting
• remove clutter from floor between bed and bathroom

Question 14

promoting sleep hygiene

Answer 14

1. exercise daily
2. caution against sleeping long hours
3. just use bedroom for sleep and sex
4. use relaxation techniques
5. limit caffiene
6. consume carbs or milk before bed