Anatomy winter sem > Ch 9 > Flashcards

Ch 9 Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Which one of the following ligaments helps the most to support the weight of the upper limb?

A

Coracohumeral

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2
Q

Which of the following structures deepens the socket portion of the glenohumeral joints?

A

Labrum

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3
Q

fibrous joint

A

joint where the articulating areas of the adjacent bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue

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4
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

joint at which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartiage

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5
Q

synovial joint

A

joint at which the articulating surfaces of the bone are located within a joint cavity formed by an articular capsule

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6
Q

joint

A

any place where bone and cartilage come together

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7
Q

and immobile or nearly immobile joint is called a

A

synarthrosis

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8
Q

an______ is a joint that has limited mobility

A

amphiarthrosis

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9
Q

a freely movable disc is classified as a

A

diarthrosis

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10
Q

uniaxial joint

A

type of diarthrosis joint that allows for movement in a single plane

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11
Q

diaxial joint

A

type of diarthrosis joint that allows for movement with two planes

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12
Q

multiracial joints

A

type of diarthrosis joint that allows for movement within three planes

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13
Q

what type of joint would the knuckle joint be

A

biaxial

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14
Q

what feature distinguishes synovial joints from cartilaginousnjoints

A

a joint cavity is filled with a lubricating fluid

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15
Q

Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the

A

articular cartilage a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. However, unlike at a cartilaginous joint, the articular cartilages of each bone are not continuous with each other. Instead, the articular cartilage acts like a Teflon® coating over the bone surface, allowing the articulating bones to move smoothly against each other without damaging the underlying bone tissue.

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16
Q

Lining the inner surface of the articular capsule is a thin

A

synovial membrane

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17
Q

the synovial membrane secretes

A

synovial fluid (synovia = “a thick fluid”), a thick, slimy fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint.

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18
Q

What type of tissue forms the walls of the joint cavity in synovial joints?

A

fibrous connective tissue

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19
Q

An ________ is located outside of the articular capsule,

A

extrinsic ligament

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20
Q

is fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule,

A

inartistic ligament

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21
Q

is located inside of the articular capsule.

A

intracapsular ligament

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22
Q

is the dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone.

A

tendon

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23
Q

bursa

A

connective tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles

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24
Q

How do ligaments function in relation to joint movements?

A
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25
pivot joint
synovial joint at which the rounded portion of a bone rotates within a ring formed by a ligament and an articulating bone; functionally classified as uniaxial joint
26
plane joint
synovial joint formed between the flattened articulating surfaces of adjacent bones; functionally classified as a non-axial joint
27
proximal radioulnar joint:
articulation between head of radius and radial notch of ulna; uniaxial pivot joint that allows for rotation of radius during pronation/supination of forearm
28
saddle joint
synovial joint in which the articulating ends of both bones are convex and concave in shape, such as at the first carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb; functionally classified as a biaxial joint
29
subcutaneous bursa
bursa that prevents friction between skin and an underlying bone
30
sub muscular bursa
bursa that prevents friction between bone and a muscle or between adjacent muscles
31
subtendinous bursa
bursa that prevents friction between bone and a muscle tendon
32
synovial membrane
thin layer that lines the inner surface of the joint cavity at a synovial joint; produces the synovial fluid
33
tendon
dense connective tissue structure that anchors a muscle to bone
34
tendon sheath
connective tissue that surrounds a tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint; contains a lubricating fluid to prevent friction and allow smooth movements of the tendon
35
a symphysis
joint where two bones are united by fibrocartilage
36
joints are classified into 3 typed
1.) fibrous joints 2.) cafrtilageous joints 3.) synovial joints
37
the walls of the joint cavity are formed by the
articular capsule
38
________ on the ends of the articulating bones reduces friction between them during movement
articular cartilage
39
lining the inside of the articular capsule is the
synovial membrane
40
outside of their articulations the bones are connected by
ligaments
41
_____ ligaments are located outside of the articular capsule
extrinsic
42
_____ligaments are fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule
intristic
43
__________ ligament are located inside of the articular capsule
intracapsular
44
bursae help with
muscle movement and reduce friction
45
articular discs or meniscs
fibrocartilage wedges; improve fit between bones act as shock absorbers or cushions
46
similar to bursa but elongated and small wraps completely around a muscle tendpon at places where the tendon crosses a joint
tendon sheath
47
hematoma is a
bruise
48
a _______ a rounded piece of bone is found within a ring formed partially from another bone and partially a ligament. the bone is then able to rotate within a single axis within this ring
pivot joint
49
a _____ is where there convex end of bone articulates with the concave and of another bone this type of joint allows for bending and straightening along a single axis
hinge joint
50
a _____ joint is where two largely flat bone surfaces slide against each other they are usually tightly constrainted by surrounding ligaments, limiting the degree of movement
plane joint
51
a _______ is where the shallow depression of the bone articulates with the rounded part of another bone they are biaxial joints allowing for movement in two planes
condyloid joint
52
a __________ joint is where the rounded head of one fits into the concave depression of another bone this joint type has the greatest range of motion of all joints
ball and socket joint ex. hip joint and the shoulder
53
ball and socket joints are
multiracial joints
54
your femur and humorous can move in the following ways
1.) in anterior posterior directions 2.) in medial lateral directions 3.) rotate along their long axis
55
movements that occur along the saggital plane
flexion extension hyperextension
56
movement that occurs along the frontal plane
abduction - movement away from the midline adduction - movement toward the midline circumduction - flexion + extension +abduction + adduction of a limb
57
the condyle( head) of the mandible articulates with the
mandibular fossa and articular tubercle ( temporal bone)
58
TMJ three types of movement
1.) mandibular depression and mandibular elevation 2.) lateral displacement and slight rotation 3.) protraction and retraction of the lower jaw
59
during depression if the mandible the mandibular condyle..
hinges downward and then glides forward as it travels from the mandibular fossa onto the articular tubercle
60
radius ands ulna articulate with the
humerus
61
humeroulnar joint
between humerus and ulna - main hinge - allows bending and straightening
62
humerorsdial
between humerus and radius helps with flexion and extension -
63
proximal radioulnar
between radius ands ulna - allows rotation of forearm
64
the knee joint also known as the tibiofemoral joint consists of 3 joints
lateral tibiofemoral joint ---> between lateral condyle of the femur, lay6eral meniscus and lateral condyle of the tibia medial tibiofemoral joint - between medial condyle of the femur, medial meniscus and medial condyle of the tibia fermoro patella joint - intermediate between the patella and patellar surface of the femur
65
articular capsule
The articular capsule is a fibrous sleeve that surrounds the knee joint and helps hold it together.
66
What three ligaments strongly support the hip joint in the upright, standing position?
liofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
67
What is the purpose of immobile or slightly movable joints?
protect internal organs
68
How do muscles and their tendons support synovial joints?
Act as dynamic ligaments
69
Where are most diarthrotic joints located?
Appendicular skeleton
70
What bony structure is weight-bearing when sitting and can be affected by ischial bursitis?
Ischial tuberosity
71
What type of movement is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction in biaxial joints?
Circumduction
72
What is the condition called when a bursa becomes inflamed?
Bursitis
73
What type of medication is used to treat bursitis caused by infection?
antibiotics
74
the margins of the scapula are the
superior border, the medial border, and the lateral border , these 3 borders allow you to orient yourself and identify other important structures on the scapula
75
scapula - found between the superior and lateral borders is the location of the
glenoid cavity
76
the glenoid cavity articulates with the
humerus of the upper limb and forms the glenohumeral joint
77
toward the lateral end of the superior border is the hook like
coracoid process it is anchored to the clavicle by a strong ligament and serves as the attachment site for muscles of the chest and arm
78
the acromion extends laterally from the spine this is a process that articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle forming the
acromioclavicular joint
79
shoulder glenohumeral joint
rotator cuff joint stability isn sacrificed for greater freedom of movement ball and socket joint
80
6 anatomical features of the glenohujmeral joint
1.) articular capsule - extends from glenoid cavity to the neck of the humerus 2.) coracohumerasl ligament - strong, broad ligament - extends from coracoid process of the scapula to greater tubercle of the humerus - helps support the weight of the upper limb 3.) glenohumeral ligaments ( three) - three thickening of the articular capsule - extend from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle and neck of humerus 4.) transverse humeral ligament - narrow sheet; extends from greater tubercle to lesser tubercle of humerus - holds the long head of the biceps brachia muscle 5.) glenoid labrum - narrow fibrocartilage around the edge of glenoid cavity 6.) bursae ( four) - sub scapular bursa - sub deltoid bursa - subacromial bursa - subcoracoid bursa
81
scapula and humerus allows
arm to lift
82
there pelvic girdle
is composed of paired hip bones. each hip bone articulates with its respective lower limb
83
together the two hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx make up the
pelvis
83
each hip bone is attached to the axial skeleton at the
sacrum
84
each hip bone is made up of 3 separate bones that fuse together towards the end of your teenage years
1.) theilium 2.) theischium 3.) the pubis 2ccx
85
the ilium forms the
superiorly found region of the hip bone
86
the ____ is the largest and most complex joint ij the body
knee
87
collateral ligaments are found in
the knee and elbow
88
as you age conditions such as _____ can develop in your joints
osteoarthritis - often causes pain, swelling, stiffness and reduced mobility
89
hip is known as the
coxal joint
90
synovial joints characterized by presence of a
joint cavity
91
subcutaneous bursa
allows skin to move smoothly over the bone examples including the pre patellar bursa
92
articular disc and meniscus
- may act to strongly unite the bones of a joint to each other - can provide shock absorption - cushioning between bones smooth the movements between the articulating bones
93
gout
type of arthritis that results from deposition of uric acid crystals within a body joint. happens when the body makes too much uric acid or the kidneys do not proper;yexcrete it
94
what type of movemtn enabled by pivot joint
rotation around a single axis
95
movement enabled by condyloid joints
condyloid joints are biaxial joints that allow for two planes of movement. One movement involves the bending and straightening of the fingers or the anterior-posterior movements of the hand. The second movement is a side-to-side movement, which allows you to spread your fingers apart and bring them together, or to move your hand in a medial-going or lateral-going direction.
96
the only ball and socket joints are
The hip joint and the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint are the only ball-and-socket joints of the body.
Anatomy winter sem
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