nervous system

Question 1

glial cell

Answer 1

is one of a variety of cells that provide a framework of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

rain and spinal cord v

Question 3

pns

Answer 3

is everything else (Figure 12.2). The brain is contained within the cranial cavity of the skull, and the spinal cord is contained within the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column.

Question 4

Nervous tissue, present in both the CNS and PNS, contains two basic types of cells:

Answer 4

neurons and glial cells. A glial cell is one of a variety of cells that provide a framework of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities. T

Question 5

soma

Answer 5

the portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus

Question 6

There is one important process that every neuron has called an

Answer 6

axon, which is the fiber that connects a neuron with its target. Another type of process that branches off from the soma is the dendrite.

Question 7

. Dendrites are responsible for receiving most of the input from other neurons. Looking at nervous tissue, there are regions that predominantly contain cell bodies and regions that are largely composed of just axons. These two regions within nervous system structures are often referred to as

Answer 7

gray matter (the regions with many cell bodies and dendrites) or white matter (the regions with many axons).

Question 8

myelin

Answer 8

lipid-rich insulating substance surrounding the axons of many neurons, allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals

Question 9

ganglion

Answer 9

localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 10

tract

Answer 10

bundle of axons in the central nervous system having the same function and point of origin

Question 11

Which type of responses does the somatic nervous system (SNS) primarily handle?

Answer 11

conscious perception and voluntary motor responses.

Question 12

Which statement best describes the distinction between central and peripheral nervous systems?

Answer 12

The CNS is larger and located entirely within the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS extends throughout the body.

Question 13

The first major function of the nervous system is

Answer 13

sensation

Question 14

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 14

is responsible for involuntary control of the body, usually for the sake of homeostasis (regulation of the internal environment).

Question 15

Which part of the nervous system contains few or no myelinated axons?

Answer 15

gray m atter

Question 16

Neurons are usually described as

Answer 16

having one, and only one, axon—a fiber that emerges from the cell body and projects to target cells. T

Question 17

The other processes of the neuron are dendrites,

Answer 17

which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses.

Question 18

node of ranvier

Answer 18

gap between two myelinated regions of an axon, allowing for strengthening of the electrical signal as it propagates down the axon

Question 19

synapse

Answer 19

narrow junction across which a chemical signal passes from neuron to the next, initiating a new electrical signal in the target cell

Question 20

synaptic end bulb

Answer 20

swelling at the end of an axon where neurotransmitter molecules are released onto a target cell across a synapse.

Question 21

initial segment

Answer 21

irst part of the axon as it emerges from the axon hillock, where the electrical signals known as action potentials are generated

Question 22

What is the role of glial cells in nervous tissue function?

Answer 22

They support the neurons in carrying out their function

Question 23

Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact?

Question 24

longtudinal fissure

Answer 24

large separation along the midline between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

The main sensation associated with the parietal lobe is

Answer 25

somatosensation: general senses related to the body, usually thought of as the senses of touch, which would include pain, temperature, and proprioception

Question 26

What is the role of the cerebral cortex in the nervous system?

Answer 26

It is responsible for the higher functions of the nervous system.

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the location of the midbrain?

Answer 27

it is between the thalamus and pons

Question 28

Ascending tracts of nervous system fibers in these columns

Answer 28

carry sensory information up to the brain,

Question 29

The cerebrum is the

Answer 29

the largest portion and contains the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei. It is divided into two halves by the longitudinal fissure.

Question 30

descending tracts

Answer 30

carry motor commands from the brain. Looking at the spinal cord longitudinally, the columns extend along its length as continuous bands of white matter.

Question 31

The primary motor cortex is located in the ______.

Answer 31

frontal lobe

Question 32

The primary visual cortex is located in the ________.

Answer 32

Occipital lobe

Question 33

The brain stem consists of the _________.

Answer 33

medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 34

What role does the cerebellum play in coordinated movements like walking?

Answer 34

It receives a copy of movement commands and compares it with sensory feedback.

Question 35

anterior median fissure

Answer 35

deep midline feature of the anterior spinal cord, marking the separation between the right and left sides of the cord

Question 36

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for tongue movement?

Answer 36

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 37

The olfactory nerve and optic nerve are responsible for

Answer 37

for the sense of smell and vision,

Question 38

The oculomotor nerve is responsible for

Answer 38

is responsible for eye movements by controlling four of the extraocular muscles. I It is also responsible for lifting the upper eyelid when the eyes point up, and for pupillary constriction.

Question 39

The trochlear nerve and the abducens nerve are both responsible for

Answer 39

for eye movement, but do so by controlling different extraocular muscles.

Question 40

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for

Answer 40

cutaneous sensations of the face and controlling the muscles of mastication.

Question 41

The facial nerve

Answer 41

is responsible for the muscles involved in facial expressions, as well as part of the sense of taste and the production of saliva.

Question 42

What is the main difference between a cranial nerve ganglion and a dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 42

Cranial nerve ganglia are associated with cranial nerves while dorsal root ganglia are associated with spinal nerves.

Question 43

What are the primary responsibilities of the cranial nerves?

Answer 43

They control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.

Question 44

Which nerve plexus is associated with the lower cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerve?

Answer 44

it is involved in sensory perception

Question 45

the duramatter

Answer 45

is a thick fibrous layer and a strong protective sheath over the entire brain and spinal cord.

Question 46

The outer surface of the CNS is covered by a series of membranes composed of connective tissue called the

Answer 46

meninges

Question 47

What role does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play in the circulation within the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Answer 47

It circulates through the cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 48

Which structure encloses the entire Central Nervous System and the major blood vessels that enter the cranium and vertebral cavity?

Answer 48

dura matter

Question 49

Which of the following best describes the properties and locations of the meningeal layers around the CNS?

Answer 49

The arachnoid mater forms a web-like mesh beneath another thin fibrous membrane.

Question 50

thalamus

Answer 50

major region of the diencephalon that is responsible for relaying information between the cerebrum and the hindbrain, spinal cord, and periphery

Question 51

Which system connects directly with the cerebrum bypassing the diencephalon?

Answer 51

olfaction system

Question 52

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in contrast to the somatic nervous system?

Answer 52

Controls cardiac and smooth muscle, and governs involuntary responses

Question 53

The cervical ganglia are referred to as

Answer 53

paravertebral ganglia

Question 54

Collateral ganglia, also called prevertebral ganglia

Answer 54

are situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons. They are associated with controlling organs in the abdominal cavity, and are also considered part of the enteric nervous system.

Question 55

cholinergic

Answer 55

meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released,

Question 56

adrenergic

Answer 56

meaning that norepinephrine is released. The terms cholinergic and adrenergic refer not only to the signaling molecule that is released but also to the class of receptors that each binds.

Question 57

after eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates?

Answer 57

parasympathetic nervous system- decreased heart rate slowed digestion