Ch Bone Tissue

Question 1

Osteology

Answer 1

• Study of bone structure and bone disorder

Question 2

Tissues working together in bones

Answer 2

• Bone
• Cartilage
• Dense Connective Tissue
• Epithelium
• Adipose Tissue
• Blood
• Nervous Tissue

Question 3

Bone Function

Answer 3

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Assist in Movement
4. Mineral Storage and Release
5. Blood Cell Production
6. Triglyceride Storage (Yellow Bone Marrow)

Question 4

Bone Function: Support - Structural Framework

Answer 4

• Soft tissues
• Serves as attachment points for tendons and most muscles

Question 5

Bone function: Protection

Answer 5

• Most important internal organs from injuries
• Cranial bones, vertebrae, rib cage

Question 6

Bone function: Assist in movement

Answer 6

• Most skeletal muscles attach to bone
• when they contract, they pull bone to make movement

Question 7

Bone Function: Mineral Storage and Release

Answer 7

• Bone tissue makes up 18% of weight of human body
• Stores several minerals (Calcium and phosphorus) - Strength of bone
• Releases on demand

Question 8

Bone function: Blood Cell Production

Answer 8

• Red bone marrow - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Hemopoiesis - blood making)
• Fetus - in developing bones
• Adults - in Pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, humerus, femur
• Newborn (All red marrow)
• Adults (red and yellow)

Question 9

Bone function: Triglyceride Storage

Answer 9

• Yellow bone marrow
• Adipose cells store triglycerides
• Stored triglycerides: Potential energy reserve

Question 10

Gross bone shapes

Answer 10

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• Sesamoid bones

Question 11

Organization of Bone Tissue: 2 types

Answer 11

• Compact (Cortical/dense)
• Spongy (Trabecular/cancellous)

Question 12

Bone tissue: Compact (Cortical/dense)

Answer 12

• external layer of ALL bones
• Parallel arrangement of osteons

Question 13

Compact tissue: Osteons

Answer 13

• Central Osteonic Canal
• Organized lamellae
• Lacuna
• Canaliculi

Question 14

Bone tissue: Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous)

Answer 14

• Forms interior of some bones
• Lattice network of trabeculae

Question 15

Spongy : Lattice network of trabeculae

Answer 15

1. Unorganized lamellae
2. Lacuna

Question 16

Micro structure of compact bone

Answer 16

• Lamellae
• Osteonic canal
• Lacuna(e)
• Canaliculi

Question 17

compact bone: Lamellae

Answer 17

• Concentric
• Interstitial
• Circumferential

Question 18

Gross anatomy of a (long) bone

Answer 18

• External stucture
• Diaphysis
• Metaphysis
• Epiphyses

Question 19

Long bone anatomy: Epiphyses

Answer 19

• Epiphyseal plate
• Epiphyseal line

Question 20

Gross anatomy of a long bone: External coverings

Answer 20

• Compact bone
• Periosteum
• Articular cartilage

Question 21

Gross anatomy of a Long Bone: Internal structure

Answer 21

• Spongy bone
• Medullary cavity
• Endosteum

Question 22

Blood and nerve supply of bone

Answer 22

• Periosteal arteries
• Nutrient foramen
• Metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries

Question 23

Periosteal arteries

Answer 23

• Periosteal nerve supply

Question 24

Nutrient foramen

Answer 24

• Nutrient artery

Question 25

Dynamic bones: Typess

Answer 25

1. Initial bone formation (Ossification/Osteogenesis) 2. Bone growth 3. Mature bone

Question 26

Dynamic bones: Initial bone formation

Answer 26

- Ossification/Osteogenesis 1. Prenatal 2. Intramembranous formation 3. Endochondral formation 4. Bone formation continues as bone growth occure

Question 27

Dynamic bones: Bone growth

Answer 27

1. Childhood and adolescence 2. Increases in Length 3. Increase in width (Diameter)

Question 28

Dynamic bones: Mature bone

Answer 28

1. Adulthood 2. Remodeling 3. Variable rate

Question 29

Bone growth: Zones - Growth in length

Answer 29

- Interstitial, endogenous - Zones within the Physis (Cartilage > bone) - Old chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts... adding to DIAPHYSIS

Question 30

Bone growth: Width

Answer 30

- addition of more extracellular matrix to the periphery - Appositional, exogenous

Question 31

Remodeling of Bone

Answer 31

- Bone is DYNAMIC - Influences - Remodeling phases - After injury

Question 32

Remodeling of Bone: Bone is dynamic

Answer 32

- Constantly in a process of remodeling

Question 33

Remodeling of bone: Influences

Answer 33

- Hormones - Blood Calcium levels

Question 34

Remodeling of Bone: Remodeling phases

Answer 34

- Bone resorption - Reversal - Bone deposition

Question 35

Remodeling of bone: After Injury

Answer 35

- Reactive - Repair - Remodel