Digestive system

Question 1

Digestive system function

Answer 1

• Primary functions are the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of solid wastes

Question 2

Digestive system: components (2 groups)

Answer 2

1. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract
2. Accessory digestive organs

Question 3

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer 3

• A continuous tube from the mouth to the anus

Question 4

Digestive system: Components

Answer 4

• Salivary glands
• Pharynx
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Oral cavity
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Large intestine
• Small intestine
• Rectum
• Anus

Question 5

Salivary gland: components

Answer 5

• Parotid salivary gland
• Tongue
• Submandibular salivary gland
• Sublingual salivary gland

Question 6

Salivary gland: Function

Answer 6

• The salivary gland secretes saliva into the oral cavity, lubricating, dissolving, and beginning the chemical digestion of food that has been ingested

Question 7

Liver and gallbladder: Components

Answer 7

• Right lobe of liver
• Left lobe of liver
• Common hepatic duct
• Cystic duct
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Common bile duct
• Pancreatic duct
• Duodenum

Question 8

Liver and gallbladder: Functions

Answer 8

1. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
2. The liver synthesizes bile used in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and cholesterol in the small intestine
3. The liver maintains normal blood glucose levels
4. The liver produces blood proteins
5. The liver stores certain vitamins and minerals until needed by the body
6. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile

Question 9

Esophagus: Components

Answer 9

• Food bolus
• Esophagus
• Lower esophageal sphincter
• Stomach

Question 10

Esophagus: Functions

Answer 10

• Through a progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations (peristalsis), food is propelled down the esophagus to the stomach

Question 11

Stomach: Components

Answer 11

• Mucosa
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Serosa
• Duodenum
• Pyloric sphincter
• Muscularis
• Rugae of mucosa

Question 12

Stomach: Functions

Answer 12

1. Gastric juices are secreted and continue the process of chemical digestion
2. Mechanical digestion macerates and mixes food with the gastric juices changing it to chyme; Propels chyme forward into the duodenum of the small intestine

Question 13

Pancreas: Components

Answer 13

• Pancreas
• Duodenum
• Pancreatic duct

Question 14

Pancreas: Functions

Answer 14

1. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which includes digestive enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and triglycerides, in the small intestine
2. Produces bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach

Question 15

Large intestine: Components

Answer 15

• Transverse colon
• Ascending colon
• Descending colon
• Ileum
• Ileocecal sphincter (valve)
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Anus

Question 16

Large intestine: Function

Answer 16

• Feces, or solid wastes, are formed from remaining chyme and defecated

Question 17

Small intestine: components

Answer 17

• Stomach
• Large intestine
• Small intestine
• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 18

Small intestine: Function

Answer 18

1. Mechanical digestion through local contractions mixes chyme with digestive juices
2. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids is completed
3. Provides primary surface for absorption of nutrients and water