Anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

Four major families of tissues

A
  1. epithelial tissues
  2. Connective tissues
  3. Muscular tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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2
Q

________ = Groups of _____ that have a common origin and function

A
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3
Q

_________ = layers of tissues

A
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4
Q

Epithelial tissue lines or covers _______ or forms secretion portion of gland

A

body cavities

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A

-Protects
-Secrete
-Absorb
-Excrete

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6
Q

Epithelial cells general features

A
  • Tightly packed cells, many cell junctions
  • Variable shapes
  • Sheets and layers
  • Very little ECM
  • Avascular
  • High capacity for cell division
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7
Q

Epithelial cell specific features

A
  • Apical surface
  • Lateral surface
  • Basal surface
  • Basement membrane
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8
Q

Types of layers of surface epithelium

A
  • Simple (unilaminar) epithelium
  • Psuedostratified
  • Stratified (multilaminar) epithelium
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9
Q

Function of simple epithelium

A
  • Filter / absorb
  • Secrete
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10
Q

Function of psuedostratified

A
  • Movement
  • Secrete
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11
Q

Function of stratified (multilaminar) epithelium

A
  • Protect
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12
Q

Surface epithelium cell shapes

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
  • Transitional
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13
Q

Surface epithelium: squamous cells

A
  • Thin, flat
  • Allow passage of materials
  • Membranes
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14
Q

Surface epithelium: Cuboidal cells

A
  • Secretion and absorption
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15
Q

Surface epithelium: Columnar

A
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Protection
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16
Q

Surface epithelium: Transitional

A
  • Change shape
  • Eg. wall of bladder
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17
Q

2 major types of epithelial tissues

A
  • Surface epithelial tissue
  • Glandular epithelial tissue
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18
Q

Surface epithelial tissue types

A
  • Simple
  • Pseudostratified columnar
  • Stratified
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19
Q

Simple surface epithelial tissue

A
  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar
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20
Q

Stratified surface epithelial tissue

A
  • Stratified squamous
  • Stratified cuboidal
  • Stratified columnar
  • Transitional
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21
Q

2 types of simple squamous cells

A
  • Mesothelium
  • Endothelium
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22
Q

Mesothelium

A

lines serous membranes

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23
Q

Endothelium

A

Lines inner wall of arteries, capillaries, and veins

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24
Q

2 types of simple columnar epithelium

A
  • Non ciliated
  • Ciliated
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25
Non ciliated
- lines much of the GI tract - Contains microvilli and goblet cells
26
Ciliated
- Lines most of the respiratory tract and fallopian tubes - contains cilia and goblet cells - Used for absorption and secretion
27
Stratified epithelial tissues: structure
- Multiple layers; Deepest layer and apical (surface) layer - Some have keratin
28
Types of Stratified Epithelial Tissues
- Stratified squamous - Stratified cuboidal - Stratified columnar - Transitional
29
Stratified squamous cells are in
- SKIN - Lining of vagina
30
Stratified cuboidal cells (limited) are in
- Adult sweat glands, etc.
31
Stratified columnar cells (limited) are in
- Urethra - Esophageal glands, etc.
32
Transitional stratified epithelial tissues
- Variable appearance - Elasticity
33
2 types of Glandular epithelial tissue
- Endocrine glands - Exocrine glands
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2 types of exocrine glands
- Simple - Compound
35
Glandular epithelium
- Specialized epithelial cells organized to form glands that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or within interstitial fluid (diffuse into bloodstream)
36
Connective tissue
- Very abundant in body - Variety of examples
37
Connective tissue functions
- Bind - Protect - Separate structures - Transport (blood) - Store energy (adipose) - Immune response
38
2 types of connective tissues
- Embryonic connective tissues - Mature connective tissues
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2 types of Embryonic connective tissues
- Mesenchyme - Mucous
40
3 types of Mature connective tissues
- Connective tissue proper - Supporting connective tissue - Liquid connective tissue
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2 types of connective tissue proper
- Loose - Dense
42
2 types of supporting connective tissue
- Cartilage - Bone
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2 types of liquid connective tissue
- Blood - Lymph
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Connective tissue features
- Rich blood supply (except cartilage, tendons) - Nerve supply (except cartilage) - Various cells within the tissue - Extensive Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
45
Various cells in connective tissue
- Immune related - Fibroblast - Adipocytes, Plasmocytes
46
Immune related cells in connective tissue
- Macrophages - Mast cells
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Fibroblast cells in connective tissue
- Blast cells
48
Adipocytes and Plasmocytes in connective tissue
- Cyte cells
49
2 components of the extensive extracellular matrix
- Ground substance - Fibers
50
Extracellular Matrix
- Main component is Ground Substance
51
Ground Substance
- Secreted by: - Fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, calcified - Supports, binds, and maintains health of connective tissues - Water in ground substance "trapped" by GAGs
52
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
- Polysaccharides and proteins - Hyaluronic acid - Chondroitin sulfate, etc. - Fibronectin
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GAGs: hyaluronic acid functions
- Lubrification - Liquification
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GAGs: Chondroitin sulfate functions
- Support - Adhesions
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GAGs: Fibronectin function
- Adhesion
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Fibers within extracellular matrix
- Collagen - Reticular - Elastic
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Fibers within ECM: collagen
- Strong parallel bundles - Resists tension, provides strength
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Fibers within ECM: Reticular
- Thin bundles of collagen with glycoprotein coat - Branching networks that provide support
59
Fibers within ECM: Elastic
- Network of single fibers - Elasticity
60
3 types of Loose connective tissue
- Aerolar - Adipose - Reticular
61
Areolar tissues
- Abundant in body - Subcutaneous skin, surrounding blood vessels, nerves, and organs
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Adipose tissues
- Found everywhere areolar tissue is located - White adipose and Brown adipose
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White adipose
increased blood vessels
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Brown adipose ( in infants)
GOOD
65
Reticular tissues
- Forms stroma of organs - Support, binds, filters
66
3 types of Dense Connective tissue
- Regular - Irregular - Elastic
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Regular dense connective tissue
- Forms tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses - Strong attachments and pulling strength
68
Irregular dense connective tissue
- Forms sheets of fascia, fibrous portions of membranes, joint capsules, periosteum of bone, etc. - Super tensile strength
69
Elastic dense connective tissues
- Found in lungs, tubes, etc. - Elasticity
70
Blood: Liquid connective tissue
- Plasma = Liquid ECM - Formed elements = Cells - Location - in vessels and arteries - Function - Carry oxygen to heart and carbon dioxide out; transports nutrients
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Blood composition
- 55% blood plasma - Buffy coat composed of white blood cells and platelets - 45% red blood cells
72
Bone: calcified connective tissue function
- Support - Protection - Storage (minerals, houses marrow) - Levers for human movement - Contains bone cells and calcified extracellular matrix
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Bone cells
- Osteoblasts - Osteocytes - Osteoclasts
74
Calcified Extracellular matrix
- 15% water - 30% collagen fibers - 55% mineral salts (hydroxyapatite)
75
Bone formation from bone cell lineage steps
- Osteoprogenitor cells - Osteoblast - Osteocyte
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Bone formation from white blood cell lineage
- Osteoclast
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1st step of bone tissue formation: Osteoprogenitor cell
- develops into an osteoblast
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2nd step of bone tissue formation: Osteoblast
- Forms bone extracellular matrix
79
3rd step of bone tissue formation: Osteocyte
- Maintains bone tissue
80
4th step of bone tissue formation: Osteoclast
- Functions in resorption, the breakdown of bone extracellular matrix
81
Cartilage: supportive connective tissue
- Hyaline/Articular - Fibrocartilage - Elastic
82
Hyaline/Articular cartilage components
- Most abundant cartilage in the body, at the ends of long bones, ribs, nose, parts of respiratory tract, and embryonic and fetal skeleton
83
Hyaline/Articular cartilage functions
- Allows joint movements (reduced friction) - Flexibility - Support
84
Fibrocartilage: froms discs -
- Punic symphysis - intervertebral discs - menisci of the knee
85
Fibrocartilage functions
- Support - Strength - Rigidity
86
Elastic cartilage components
- Epiglottis - Part of external ear (auricle) - Auditory (eustachian) tubes
87
Elastic cartilage functions
- Elasticity - Shape and strength
88
Membranes - Tissue layers
- Covers surfaces, cavities, organs
89
2 types of tissues in membranes
- Epithelial membranes - Synovial membranes
90
tissues in Epithelial membranes
- Connective tissue - Epithelial tissue
91
Tissue in synovial membranes
- Dense connective tissue - Serous connective tissue
92
3 types of epithelial membranes
- Mucous - Cutaneous - Serous
93
Mucous membrane
- Lining of small intestine; epithelial layer and connective tissue layer
94
Cutaneous membrane
Skin - Epithelial layer - Connective tissue layer
95
Serous membrane
Pleura, Pericardium, Peritoneum - Double membrane with serous fluid between - Parietal - Visceral
96
Serous membrane examples
1. Membranes of thoracic cavity; pleura and Pericardium 2. Membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity; Peritoneum
97
What are the 4 tissue types in the human body?
98
How does structure influence function?
99
Identify the tissue types and layers in heart wall
Anatomy
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