Sources of Ideas
- Common sense, practical problems, observations of the world around
- theories: a unified body of ideas that can organize and explain a variety of specific facts
theories also generate new knowledge because the theory can predict new facts that we haven’t seen yet- if new facts don;t fit, we recheck the new facts or change the theory
- past research can also give us ideas for new research, much the same way as a theory
- look for gaps or inconsistencies in info has already been studied, to consider what to research next
Types of Research Reports
literary review
theory article
literary review
summarizes previous research in a particular area
- searching for “topic) literature review” is a great starting point
theory article summarizes previous research, and then integrates it into a new framework for understanding this data
- an empirical research article is a report of a study that started with a research question, and then gathered data to answer it
Exploring Past Research
- before you can do research on your own question, you have to review what’s already been done
- Journals specialize in one or two topic areas, accept submissions about research within these topics, and use peer- review to decide which are appropriate for publication
- PsycINFO, EBSCO host, and other databases have collections of these articles that you can search to find what you need
Internet Searches
- there’s a ton of stuff out there, but you need to evaluate quality carefully
- use academic language to find academic sources
- investigate the reliabbility of the sources for anything you plan to use and or site
Google Scholar
- a lot like research databases, but includes the entire internet
- generally easy to use
- helpful for narrow searches where you may not find enough hits in the resarch database
- no filter for “only peer-reviewed,
so you have to use other means to determine this
Miligram’s Obedience Experiment (1963)
The shock experiment/conformity to authority
Numerburg code of ethics
: after ww2, to prevent future research atrocities
- 1948
- subjects should give consent
- benefits of research outweigh risks
Declaration of Hesinki code of ethics
- 1964, broader, but still mainly applicable to medicine
- research with humans based on lab and animal experimentation
- research protocols be reviewed
- research conducted by qualified individuals
APA Ethics Code
A” Beneficience and normelficience- (maximize benefits and minimize harm)
B” Fidelity and Responsibility- (foundation of trust [do what you promised])
C” Integrity- (don’t lie, cheat, or steal)
D”: Justice- fairness (everyone should have access to the benefits of research)
E” Respect people’s rights and dignity- (privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination)
Benefits in participating in research
Benefits
- learning something new, or receiving help/treatment for a problem
- money, gift card, raffle prize
- benefitting from the future products of this research
Risks
- physical harm
- psychological stress
- loss of confidentiality and privacy
Systematic review/systematic literature review
Author used specific method for searching for past literature
Meta analysis
researchers analyze the results of a number of studies using statistical procedures
