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Question 1

3 things that Kinetic Particle Theory states

Answer 1

1. All matter, made out, particles
2. Particles, always, constant, random motion
3. Kinetic energy of particles, increases when heated

Question 2

When temp is constant during boiling, what does it mean?

Answer 2

change of state occuring

NOT TO BE CONFUSED w/ pure substance
substance X pure: 90 deg
substance X impure 80deg - 89deg

substance X pure during boiling, experiment repeated 5x observation is the same: stays constant 90deg until fully boiled

Substance X impure during boiling experiment repeated 5x, temp stays constant at different experiment timings

Question 3

Solid
- Arrangement
- Motion of particles

Answer 3

• Orderly manner, very closely packed
• Vibrate, rotate, fixed positions (can’t change location)

gain heat -> vibrate rotate in fixed positions faster

Question 4

Solid particles
- Amount of Energy
- Density

Answer 4

• Low
• Very Dense

Question 5

Arrangement of liquid particles

Answer 5

Closely packed, disorderly manner, less closely packed compared to solid

Question 6

Liquid particles motion

Answer 6

Rolls, slide past one another, disorderly manner

Question 7

Liquid particles level of kinetic energy
Forces of attraction in liquid state particles

Answer 7

Moderate

Question 8

Forces of attraction in liquid state particles

Answer 8

Strong

Question 9

Level of density in liquid state particles

Answer 9

Dense

Question 10

Motion of gaseous state particles

Answer 10

Movement: Moves around, random, high speed, all directions

Creates Pressure:, collide, each other, sides, container

Question 11

Arrangment of Gaseous state particles

Answer 11

Very Far apart, disorderly

Question 12

Kinetic energy of gaseous state particles

Answer 12

Very High

Question 13

Density of gaseous state particles

Answer 13

very low density

Question 14

Can copper be crystallised/evaporated?
Is copper soluble in water?

Answer 14

No.

“wet” copper is not a solution. (does not exist)

Question 15

What affects evaporation

Answer 15

• volatile (evaporate quickly, rtp)
• large surface area
• high temp surface of liquid

fractional distillation

Question 16

State 2 similarity between melting and boiling

Answer 16

Temperature stays constant
both phys change, involve state change

Question 17

Why does temperature stay constant during melting/boiling?

Answer 17

1. thermal energy absorbed by particles used, overcome forces, attraction, holding particles together
2. instead, raising temperature

forces of attraction

ionic bonds
covalent bonds
metallic bonds

overcome forces,
and break bonds

Question 18

3 differences between boiling and evaporation

Answer 18

1. Boiling occurs -> boiling pt. only
   evaporation occurs -> temperatures BELOW boiling pt.
2. Boiling occurs throughout liquid
   Evaporation occurs at surface, liquid only
3. Boiling, faster process than evaporation

think of evaporation like much slower boiling below boiling pt, they’re 2 different words for a reason :)

Question 19

2 characteristics of matter

Answer 19

• takes up space, has mass
• 3 states solid liquid gas

boil/condense too

Question 20

definition of physical changes

Answer 20

• change in physical states
• does not produce new substances

Question 21

evidence of movement of particles?

Answer 21

diffusion,
shows constant, random motion of particles

Question 22

2 factors affecting diffusion

Answer 22

1. Mr
   - shows total mass, all atoms, substance
2. Temperature
   - affect kinetic energy, particles -> more KE -> faster constant random motion

gravity DOES NOT AFFECT DIFFUSION!!!

Question 23

affect chemical properties of atom
proton, neutron, electron?

Answer 23

electrons

Question 24

isotopes sim diff
(besides proton, neutron count)

Answer 24

different
- mass number (different no. neutrons)
- physical properties

similar chem properties

Question 25

liquid, gas in container, how it acts

Answer 25

liquid: **adopt** shape, container gas: **fills** container

Question 26

y gas can be compressed

Answer 26

compressed, **much smaller volume** - a lot of space btwn particles

Question 27

describe boiling

Answer 27

1. heat, causes bubbles of gas form 2. **below**, surface of liquid, rise -> surface of liquid, 3. allow liquid particles escape 4. from surface

Question 28

what does heating/cooling curve show

Answer 28

how change in temp affect change in state ## Footnote bascially dis the axes for the graph

Question 29

when is there flat line in cooling/heating curve

Answer 29

**when** - state change - no temp change

Question 30

describe heating from solid -> liquid

Answer 30

**Kinetic Theory of Matter**: **Substances heated**, particles absorb thermal energy converted kinetic energy 1. Heat solid causes particles vibrate more 2. as temp increase, 3. vibrate so much that solid expands 4. structure breaks 5. solid melts

Question 31

place molten iron btwn tracks, wait for it to cool **how does this join 2 train tracks?**

Answer 31

1. release large amt heat, melt iron 2. molten iron join track tgt 3. cooled, solidify, contract, strong

Question 32

what causes volatility?

Answer 32

lower Mr - less energy req overcome weaker intermolecular FoA **between**_____ - more volatile, evaporates away quickly

Question 33

desc expt. to show diffusion is real

Answer 33

2 glass jars w/ bromine gas, separated by cover, remove cover