Chaney

Question 1

What are is Chaney’s study in?

Answer 1

Developmental

Question 2

Is Chaney’s study the classic or contemporary?

Answer 2

Its the contemporary

Question 3

What study is paired with Chaneys study?

Answer 3

Bandura

Question 4

What is the background theory of Chaney’s study?

Answer 4

Operant conditioning. A type of behaviourism that suggests we can learn through rewards (positive reinforcement) and punishments (negative reinforcement.)

Question 5

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 5

Negative reinforcement -> removes something unpleasant to increase behaviour

Punishment -> Adds or removes stimuli to decrease behaviour.

Question 6

What is the aim of Chaney’s study?

Answer 6

To investigate whether a new asthma device (Funhaler) can provide positive reinforcement to improve adherence of using inhalers in young asthmatics.

Question 7

What is the sample of Chaney’s study?

Answer 7

32 children ages 1.5 - 6 years.
22 male, 10 female.
All ptps from Perth Australia.

Question 8

How was the sample recruited for Chaney’s study?

Answer 8

Opportunity sampling - they were randomly recruited from doctor’s clinic in Perth, Australia.

Question 9

How was consent obtained for Chaney’s study?

Answer 9

The parents were contacted by the study coordinator on a telephone before being visited at their home. Written informed consent obtained before the interview.

Question 10

Describe the Funhaler and how is provided positive reinforcement

Answer 10

The Funhaler had toys such as a spinner, whistle and a ball which activates when the child uses it correctly.

Question 11

Describe the procedure of Chaney’s study

Answer 11

1. Parents of asthmatic children, who were already using the standard inhaler, were randomly sampled and contacted by phone by their GP or paediatrician.
2. Written informed consent was obtained from parents before they were interviewed.
3. Parents then completed a questionnaire about the standard inhaler device they were already using. As a control, the questionnaire was made up of closed questions such as “Are you successful at always medicating your child?” (Always / Not always)
   “How many breaths are normally inhaled by your child?” <4 or >4?
4. Ptps were then given a funhaler device to use instead of their current standard inhaler and they were asked to use the device for 2 weeks as a control. They were told to use the device under adult supervision.
5. Occasionally, the parents were contacted by phone throughout the 2 weeks to as whether or not the child had used the Funhaler the previous day.
6. At the end of the 2 weeks, a researcher visited the parents in their home for them to complete a second questionnaire which was the same as the first. The same parent who was interviewed the first time completed this about the Funhaler.

Question 12

What are the findings for Chaney’s study?

Answer 12

% who had achieved the recommended 4 breath cycles per delivery

Standard = 50%, Funhaler = 80%

% of parents always successfully medicating their child

Standard = 10%, Funhaler = 73%

Question 13

What are the conclusions of Chaney’s study?

Answer 13

The use of operant conditioning (positive reinforcement) is effective at improving the adherence of medication in young asthmatics

The funhaler may improve the health and development of children.

Question 14

Why was it important to do research into asthmatic children?

Answer 14

From the 1990, there was increased hospital admissions of asthmatic children because of poor adherence to pre-scribe treatment such as the standard inhaler.

Question 15

What is the research method for Chaney’s study?

Answer 15

Field experiment

Question 16

What is the research design for Chaney’s study?

Answer 16

Repeated measures design.