1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of structure of body parts and relationships to one another
2
Q
Physiology
A
- How it works
- How it functions
3
Q
Levels of Structural Organization
A
- Chemical Level (Atoms)
- Cellular Level (Organelles)
- Tissue Level
- Organ Level
- Organ System Level
- Organismal Level
4
Q
Anatomical Position
A
- Stand straight up
- Arms at side
- Palms facing forward
- Head and feet facing forward
5
Q
11 Systems
A
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Circulatory
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
6
Q
Superior
A
Cranial
7
Q
Inferior
A
Caudal (Towards the feet)
8
Q
Anterior
A
- “Ventral”
- Front of Body
9
Q
Posterior
A
- “Dorsal”
- Back of Body
10
Q
Medial
A
Closer to mid-line of body
11
Q
Lateral
A
Farther from mid-line of body
12
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to body trunk
13
Q
Distal
A
Farther from body trunk
14
Q
Superficial
A
At surface
15
Q
Deep
A
In Dermis
16
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
Splits body into left and right
17
Q
Transverse Plane
A
Splits body into top and bottom
18
Q
Coronal Plane
A
Splits body into front and back
19
Q
Midsagittal
A
Lies on mid-line
20
Q
Parasagittal
A
Not on mid-line
21
Q
Dorsal Body Cavity
A
- Cranial Cavity
- Vertebral Cavity
22
Q
Cranial Cavity
A
Contains:
-Brain
23
Q
Vertebral Cavity
A
Contains:
-Spinal cord
24
Q
Ventral Body Cavity
A
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
25
Thoracic Cavity
Contains:
- Heart
- Lungs
26
Abdominal Cavity
Contains:
| -Digestive viscera
27
Pelvic Cavity
Contains:
- Bladder
- Reproductive Organs
- Rectum
28
Orbital Cavity
Contains:
| -Eyes
29
Nasal Cavity
Contains:
| -Nose
30
Oral Cavity
Contains:
| -Mouth
31
Middle Ear Cavity
Contains:
| -Ear
32
Synovial Cavity
Joint between neck and vertebrae
| *Fibrous capsule around joint*
33
Right Upper Quadrant
Contains:
- Liver
- Gall Bladder
- Kidneys
- Pancreas
34
Left Upper Quadrant
Contains:
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Kidneys
35
Right Lower Quadrant
Contains:
- Bladder
- Intestines
36
Left Lower Quadrant
Contains:
| -Intestines
37
8 Necessary Life Functions
1. Maintaining boundaries between external/internal environments
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
38
1. Maintaining boundaries between internal/external environments (homeostasis)
Examples:
- Skin
- Cell Membrane
39
2. Movement (contractility)
- Skeletal muscle contraction
| - Of substances (cardiac and smooth muscle)
40
3. Responsiveness
- Ability to sense and respond to stimuli
- Withdrawal reflex
- Reflex control of breathing
41
4. Digestion
- Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs
| - Absorption of simple molecules into blood
42
5. Metabolism
-All chemical reactions that occur in body cells (Anabolism, Catabolism)
43
Catabolism
Break down of larger molecules into smaller molecules
44
Anabolism
Use of energy to construct larger molecules from smaller ones
45
6. Excretion
- Removal of wastes form metabolism
| - Urea, carbon dioxide, feces
46
7. Reproduction
- Production of offspring
| - Cellular division for growth or repair
47
8. Growth
-Increase in size of a body part or of an organism
48
Feedback Control Loops
- Receptor (sensor)
- Control center
- Effector
49
Receptor (sensor)
- Monitors environment
| - Responds to stimuli
50
Control Center
- Receives input from receptor
| - Interprets signal, and determines appropriate response
51
Effector
- Receives output from control center
- Provides the means to respond
- Response either: positive or negative
A&P 1
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