Contra lateral hemisphere
Contra lateral means each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body
How does contralateralization work
Decussation of pyramids
What is the left hemisphere used for
- language
- math
- logic
What is the right side of the hemisphere used for
- visual/spatial skills
- emotion
- art
- music
What does the primary motor cortex do
Conscious control of the skeletal muscle movements
Pre motor cortex
Plans movements
Controls voluntary movements which depend on sensory feedback
Broca’s area
Usually in left hemisphere
Directs muscles involved in speech production
Primary sensory area
Receives sensory info from skin and proprioceptors in muscle
Interneurons only
Wernickes area
- language comprehension
- ability to speak coherently
Prefrontal cortex
- intellect
- personality
- planning voluntary activity weighing consequences of future actions
Where are memories stored
- visual memories- occipital cortex
- musical memories-auditory cortex
Stages of memory formation
- short term (seconds, minutes)
- long term (min, hours, days, years)
- increases number of axons and dendrites
- increases size of axon terminal
- no change in neuron number
How to convert short term to long term
- repetition
- association
- stored in hippocampus
Association fibers
Connect different parts of the same hemisphere
Commisural fibers
Connect hemispheres to each other
Projection fibers
Connect cerebral cortex to Lower brain or spinal cord
Where are basal nuclei found and what do they do
Found deep in cerebellum
Influences motor movements from cerebral cortex
Diseases based off of basal nuclei
- Parkinson’s (reduction of basal nuclei NT)
- Huntingtons (destruction of basal nuclei)
What makes up the diencephalon
- thalamus
- epithalamus
- hypothalamus
What does thalamus do
- receives all sensory info (except smell)
- decides what is worthy of being passed on to cerebral cortex
What does hypothalamus do
- controls heart rate, blood pressure, GI motility
- temp regulation
- regulates food intake
- emotions
What does epithalamus do
Secretes melatonin from pineal gland
What makes up the brain stem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongota
What does the superior and inferior colliculi do?
- superior:visual motor reflex
- inferior:auditory motor reflex
