Chapter 1 grammar

Question 1

Nominative Case

Answer 1

• used for the subject of a sentence

- used for the predicative nominative

Question 2

Genitive Case

Answer 2

• used to qualify or limit another noun in various ways

- usually corresponds to a translation using the English preposition “of”

Question 3

Genitive of Possession

Answer 3

• the book of the girl = the book belonging to the girl, or the girl’s book

Question 4

Dative Case

Answer 4

• used to express the person or thing interested in or affected by the action of a verb
• usually corresponds to a translation using the English prepositions “(with reference) to” or “for”

Question 5

Dative of reference

Answer 5

• “to the sailor the danger of the sea is real”: “to the sailor” expresses the person with reference tow whom “the danger of the sea is real”

Question 6

Dative of Indirect Object

Answer 6

“the girl gives the cat a toy”: the cat = dative of indirect object

Question 7

Accusative Case

Answer 7

• used for the direct object of a verb

- used following certain propositions

Question 8

Ablative Case

Answer 8

• used to express separation (from)
• expresses association or instrument (with, by)
• expresses location (in, on, at)

Question 9

Ablative of Accompaniment

Answer 9

• indicates accompaniment, requires the preposition cum

Question 10

Ablative of means/instrument

Answer 10

-expresses the means someone uses. no preposition.

Question 11

Vocative Case

Answer 11

-used for addressing someone directly

Question 12

First Declension Endings

Answer 12

Nom./Voc. a       ae
Gen.          ae     arum
Dat.           ae     is
Acc.          am    as
Abl.           a       is

Question 13

Decline puella, puellae f. girl

Answer 13

Nom./Voc.  puella     puellae
Gen.           puellae   puellarum
Dat.            puelleae puellis
Acc.           puellam  puellas
Abl.            puella     puellis

Question 14

Second Declension Endings m/f

Answer 14

Nom./Voc.  us/-     i
Gen.            i          orum
Dat.             o         is
Acc.            um      os
Abl.             o         is
Voc.            e         i

Question 15

Decline servus, servi m. slave

Answer 15

Nom.    servis   servi
Gen.     servi     servorum
Dat.      servo    servis
Acc.     servum servos
Abl.      servo    servis
Voc.     serve    servi

Question 16

Second Declension Endings n

Answer 16

Nom./Voc.   um    a
Gen.             i        orum
Dat.              o       is
Acc.             um     a
Abl.              o        is

Question 17

Decline periculum, periculi n. danger

Answer 17

Nom/Voc. periculum  pericula
Gen.         periculi      periculorum
Dat.          periculo     periculis
Acc.         periculum  pericula
Abl.          periculo     periculis