Chapter 1 Lecture

Question 1

What is the scientific method?

Answer 1

Information that is collected and interpreted

Question 2

What does begins the scientific method?

Answer 2

Observations

Question 3

What is a Law?

Answer 3

Laws have no satisfactory explanation; describe things that are consistently and reproducibly observed - THEY DO NOT DESCRIBE WHY THINGS HAPPEN - but can predict what might happen in the future

Question 4

What are hypotheses?

Answer 4

Hypotheses are educated TENTATIVE guesses that are based on observations
ex. diagnoses - clinicians

Question 5

What are experiments?

Answer 5

Experiments are basic data and collections that are based off of observations. They help in supporting or even negating the hypothesis. (they must be continuous in their usage)

Question 6

What is the Scientific Method path?

Answer 6

1. make an observation
2. develop hypothesis
3. create/produce experiments
4. interpret findings
5. discard/revise/accept hypothesis
6. creation of theory
7. communicate to others!

Question 7

What is a theory?

Answer 7

A theory must predict results of future experiments; experimentally tested explanation of an observed behavior

Question 8

What is matter? And what are the three types?

Answer 8

Matter is often described in terms of its physical properties, and is defined as properties made of matter don’t change their chemical composition.

1. Solids
   - fixed shapes and volumes
2. Liquids
   - variable shapes + fixed volumes
3. Gases
   - have variable shapes + volumes

Question 9

What occurs when matter is changed?

Answer 9

Work: establishes change in matter due to the utilization of energy

Question 10

What are the two types of energy?

Answer 10

1. Potential Energy
   - aka stored energy (water behind a dam)
2. Kinetic Energy
   - energy of motion (water flowing through a dam)

Question 11

What is needed when writing a measurement?

Answer 11

• a number
• a unit
  ex. 500 mg

Question 12

What is a unit?

Answer 12

A unit is a quantity that is used as a standard of measurements; time, length, volume, etc.

Question 13

What are the units of measurement for energy?

Answer 13

the calorie (cal) *the small calorie

Question 14

What does KHDBDCM mean?

Answer 14

King (kilo) Henry (hecto) Died(deca) By(unit) Drinking(deci) Chocolate (centi) Milk (mili)

Question 15

What are sig figs?

Answer 15

numbers of digits that must be reported

Question 16

What are the rules for sig figs?

Answer 16

• zeros placed at the end of the number WITH NO DECIMAL POINT XXXNOT SIGNIFICANT
• zeros placed at the BEGINNING OF THE NUMBER IS XXXNOT SIGNIFICANT

Question 17

What is the definition of accuracy?

Answer 17

how close a measured value is to a true value (hitting the bullseye)

Question 18

What is the definition of precision?

Answer 18

a measure of reproducibility

Question 19

What is the rule of multiplying and dividing sig figs?

Answer 19

The answer should have the same # of sig figs as the quantity with the fewest

Question 20

What is the rule of adding and subtracting sig figs?

Answer 20

the answer should have the same # of decimal places as the fewest decimal places

Question 21

How do we round digits?

Answer 21

• first digit: 0-4 DOES NOT CHANGE
• first digit: 5-9 DOES CHANGE INCREASE BY ONE

Question 22

What is the factor label method?

Answer 22

systemic approach using conversion factors aka dimensional analysis

Question 23

What is density’s formula?

Answer 23

density = mass/volume

Question 24

What is specific gravity?

Answer 24

DENSITY OF SUBSTANCE/DENSITY OF WATER: relates the density of a substance to that of water

Question 25

What is specific heat?

Answer 25

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1