chapter 12: PD

Question 1

what two things do personality disorders by definition imply

Answer 1

• they manifest as an enduring, inflexible pattern of maladaptive behaviours that are generalized and trait like overtime
• symptoms represent extreme presentations of typical personality traits

Question 2

t or f: personality traits reflect aspects of behaviours that vary across time and situations

Answer 2

false, they are relatively consistent

Question 3

part of what defines healthy personality development is the ability to respond ____ and _____ in the face of changing environmental demnads

Answer 3

Flexibly and appropriately

Question 4

FFM

Answer 4

• five factor model
• Neuroticism (experience unpleasant emotions)
• Openness to experience (curious)
• Conscientiousness (motivation, punctual, organized)
• Extraversion (social interaction vs solitude)
• Agreeableness (cooperation)

Question 5

Is the Five factor model categorical or dimensional

Answer 5

dimensional

Question 6

three clusters of PD

Answer 6

• Cluster a: Odd or eccentric features (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
• Cluster b: dramatic, emotional, erratic features (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)
• Cluster c: anxious or fearful features (avoidant, dependant, obsessive-compulsive)

Question 7

paranoid PD

Answer 7

• pattern of distrust/suspiciousness/resentment
• others motives are interpreted as malevolent
• self referential thinking

Question 8

Schizoid PD

Answer 8

• pattern of detachment
• withdrawal from social relationships
• restricted range of emotional expression
• reduced sensitivity to pleasure

Question 9

Schizotypal PD

Answer 9

• pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships
• cognitive/perceptual distortions
• eccentricities of behaviour

Question 10

Borderline PD

Answer 10

• pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and affects
• marked by impulsivity

Question 11

Antisocial PD

Answer 11

• pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

Question 12

Histrionic PD

Answer 12

• pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Question 13

Narcissistic PD

Answer 13

• pattern of grandiosity
• need for admiration
• lack of empathy

Question 14

Avoidant PD

Answer 14

• pattern of social disinhibition
• feelings of inadequacy
• hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Question 15

Dependant PD

Answer 15

• pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour
• related to excessive need to be taken care of

Question 16

Obsessive-compulsive PD

Answer 16

• pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Question 17

In addition to the three clusters, what else does the DSM5 propose as a diagnosis

Answer 17

• Personality change due to medical condition
• other specified personality disorder (meet criteria for many personality disorder but not all for one specific one)
• unspecified personality disorder (meet general PD criteria but core symptoms arent that of PD)

Question 18

Limitations of PD research

Answer 18

• low base rates (underfunded)
• harmful stereotypes
• few have empirically supported treatments

Question 19

factors that influence or promote development of a disease are called _______ factors

Answer 19

etiological

Question 20

What is the only PD that is also diagnosable as another mental disorder by the DSM5

Answer 20

schizotypal PD

Question 21

systematized delusions

Answer 21

• logical and coherent delusions
• based on false grounds
• Ie highly improbably but not impossible

Question 22

two factor structure for PPD (paranoid) symptoms

Answer 22

• suspiciousness (suspicion of harm/deception of other w no sufficient basis, doubt of friends loyalty, does not confide in others incase info is used against them, perceive events as having hidden messages/threats)
• hostility (bearing grudges, take things as attacks and quickly counter attack, suspicion of cheating of a partner unjustly)

Question 23

what is hostile attribution bias and which PD does it relate to

Answer 23

• a mistreated child’s tendency to intemperate neutral interpersonal cues as hostile and respond aggressively
• PPD

Question 24

t or f: usually PPD is rare to be combined with other psychiatric disorders characterized by paranoia

Answer 24

false, it is rare to not be comorbid

Question 25

schizotypy

Answer 25

- constellation of traits thought to create vulnerability to schizophrenia

Question 26

Schizotypal PD symptom groupings

Answer 26

- Cognitive and perceptual (paranoia) - Interpersonal (lack of friends, social anxiety, constricted affect) - Disorganization (odd behaviour/appearance, odd speech)

Question 27

difference between psychopathy and ASPD

Answer 27

ASPD: observable behaviours Psychopathy: focus on deception, lying, fearlessness, etc

Question 28

_____ is different from other PDs as it must be present from childhood or early adolescence (before 15 y/o)

Answer 28

ASPD, conduct disorder must be present

Question 29

BPD is considered the borderline of _____ and ______

Answer 29

psychosis and neurosis

Question 30

most well studied form of personality pathology

Answer 30

BPD

Question 31

BPD treatment

Answer 31

- DBT

Question 32

two main types of maladaptive dependency

Answer 32

- submissive (fearful, difficulty making decisions) - exploitable (desire to please others/avoid conflict)

Question 33

egosyntonic

Answer 33

- not viewing symptoms as problematic