effective leaders todays:
- most likely to be people who lead from a position of influence rather than power and who use their decision-making, motivational, and communication skills to inspire others with their vision to generate results
- todays leaders need to embrace uncertainty and ambiguity, recognize the need to adapt to organizational changes, foster innovation and experimentation, and create an inclusive working culture that encourages everyone to work toward the same goal
power
the ability to influence
- most people associate leadership with power
difference between leadership and power
- leaders have some powers that are given and some that are earned
- most leaders wield power, but how this power is manifested can differ from leader to leader
- managers also have personal powers, which are obtained by being perceived as likable and well informed.
- understanding how to use both positional and personal powers effectively, thoughtfully, and judiciously is essential for managers
powers that are given:
called positional powers
positional powers
powers granted because of a managers position and ability to affect someone positively or negatively through resource allocation or disciplinary measures
four basic types of leaders
- directive
- transactional
- visionary
- empowering
directive leadership
characterized by implementing guidelines, providing information on what is expected, setting definite performance and standards and ensuring that individuals follow rules
transactional leadership
a behavioral type of leadership that proposes that employees are motivated by goals and equitable rewards
visionary leadership
uses charisma to encourage followers to share in the mission and commit to and work toward the desired goal
empowering leadership
shifts the focus from the leader to the follower through the idea of self-leadership
demonstrate the progression of leadership thought and practice
(next slides)
the trait leadership perspective
- explores the relationship between leaders and personal qualities and characteristics, and how we differentiate leaders from nonleaders.
- it assumes effective leaders are born, not made
- the dark triad is composed of three negative personality attributes: narcissism, machiavallianism, and psychopathy
the behavioral leadership perspective
proposes that specific behaviors distinguish leaders from nonleaders
subsequently, the contingency leadership perspective:
suggests the effectiveness of the leader relates to the interaction of the leaders traits or behaviors and situational factors
the situational leadership model:
proposes that leaders should adapt their leadership style based on the types of people they are leading and the requirements of the task
the path goal leadership theory suggests that:
leadership effectiveness is the degree to which the leader enhances the performance of followers by guiding them on a defined track toward achieving their goals
transformational leadership (appraise contemporary and emerging leadership perspectives)
- a style of leadership in which leaders work with people inside and outside the organization to identify opportunities for change and in the process create a higher-level vision that elicits an emotional response and commitment from followers
laissez-faire leadership (appraise contemporary and emerging leadership perspectives)
a style of leadership in which leaders fully delegate responsibility to others
charismatic leadership (appraise contemporary and emerging leadership perspectives)
a style of leadership in which leaders use personality to charm to inspire, motivate, and acquire loyalty and commitment from employees
empowering leadership (power-distributing leadership perspectives)
gives or delegates power to employees that motivates and inspires them to acheive goals
shared leadership (power-distributing leadership perspectives)
distributes influence among groups and individuals to achieve organizational or team goals, or both
self-leadership (power-distributing leadership perspectives)
a process through which people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives, using behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies
authentic leadership (value-based leadership perspectives)
a pattern of leadership behavior based on honesty, practicality, and ethicality
servant leadership (value-based leadership perspectives)
- emphasized employees and the community rather than the leader
- servant leaders share their power and are empathic, good listeners, perceptive, and committed to growth in the organization and the community
