Chapter 13

Question 1

5’adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Question 2

bradycardia

Answer 2

slow heart rate

Question 3

calciuneurin

Question 4

CaMK (calmodulin-dependent kinase)

Question 5

IGF-1/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

Question 6

NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B)

Question 7

overload

Question 8

PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

Question 9

gamma coactivator 1α)

Question 10

p38 (mitogen activated kinase p38)

Question 11

reversibility

Question 12

specificity

Question 13

4 primary signals for muscular adpatation to exercise?

Question 14

Explain the basic principles of training: overload, reversibility, and specificity.

Question 15

Discuss the role that genetics plays in determining VO2max.

Question 16

Describe the typical change in VO2 max with endurance-training programs and the effect of the initial (pretraining) value on the magnitude of the increase.

Question 17

Identify typical VO2 max values for various sedentary, active, and athletic populations.

Question 18

Understand the contribution of heart rate, stroke volume, and the aVO2 difference in determining VO2 max.

Question 19

Discuss how training increases VO2max.

Question 20

Define preload, afterload, and contractility, and discuss the role of each in the increase in the maximal stroke volume that occurs with endurance training.

Question 21

Describe the changes in muscle structure that are responsible for the increase in the maximal a-VO2 difference with endurance training.

Question 22

List and discuss the primary changes that occur in skeletal muscle as a result of endurance training.

Question 23

Explain how “high-intensity” endurance training improves acid-base balance during exercise.

Question 24

Outline the “big picture” changes that occur in skeletal muscle as a result of exercise training and discuss the specificity of exercise training responses.

Question 25

List the four primary signal transduction pathways in skeletal muscle.

Question 26

List and define the function of important secondary messengers in skeletal muscle.

Question 27

Outline the signaling events that lead to endurance training-induced muscle adaptation.

Question 28

Discuss how changes in “central command” and “peripheral feedback” following an endurance training program can lower the heart rate, ventilation, and catecholamine responses to a submaximal exercise bout.

Question 29

Describe the underlying causes of the decrease in VO2 max that occurs with cessation of endurance training.

Question 30

Discuss the effect of anaerobic training on performance during short-duration, high-intensity exercise.

Question 31

Describe the effect of anaerobic on the biochemical properties of skeletal muscle fibers.