Chapter 14

Question 1

alcohols have relatively low volatility due to

Answer 1

their ability to form hydrogen bond between alcohol molecules.

Question 2

The longer the hydrocarbon chain (solubility)

Answer 2

the less soluble the alcohol.

Question 3

uses of alcohols: methanol and ethanol

Answer 3

ethanol: alcohol in drinks, solvent in methylated spirits
methanol: petrol additive to improve combustion, feedstock

Question 4

primary alcohol

Answer 4

one carbon is attached to carbon adjoining the oxygen

Question 5

secondary alcohol

Answer 5

two carbons are attached to carbon adjoining the oxygen

Question 6

tertiary alcohol

Answer 6

three carbons are attached to carbon adjoining the oxygen

Question 7

complete combustion products and equation

Answer 7

products: co2 and h2o
equation: alcohol + o2 -> co2 + h2o

Question 8

what is the typical oxidising agent for alcohols

Answer 8

potassium dichromate (k2cr2o7_

Question 9

partial oxidisation of primary aldehyde

Answer 9

primary alcohol-> aldehyde
potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
warm gently and distil

Question 10

aldehyde ending and bond

Answer 10

-al
c=o c-h
-CHO

Question 11

full oxidation of primary carboxylic acid

Answer 11

primary alcohol-> carboxylic acid
excess acidified potassium dichromate
heat under reflux

Question 12

carboxylic ending

Answer 12

anoic acid
cooh

Question 13

oxidation of secondary ketone

Answer 13

secondary alcohol-> ketone
acidified potassium dichromate
heat under reflux

Question 14

ketone ending-

Answer 14

-one

Question 15

colour change for potassium dichromate

Answer 15

orange dichromate ion ( cr2o7-) reduces to green cr3+ ion

Question 16

when ketones have 5+ carbons

Answer 16

number is needed to show position

Question 17

dehydration reactions

Answer 17

removal of a water molecule from a molecule

Question 18

substitution reaction: alcohol to haloalkanes with

Answer 18

concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium halide