Chapter 14

Question 1

Biogenic vs. Psychogenic

Answer 1

Originating from biological factors vs. psychological experiences

Question 2

The global diagnostic system

Answer 2

ICD-11

Question 3

Mental disorder

Answer 3

Clinically significant psychological/behavioral syndrome causing distress, disability, or risk

Question 4

Essential vs associated features

Answer 4

Core defining characteristics of a disorder vs common but not required symptoms

Question 5

Differential diagnosis

Answer 5

The process of determining which of two or more diseases or disorders with overlapping symptoms a particular patient has.

Question 6

Continuum of behaviour

Answer 6

Psychological symptoms exist on a spectrum from normal to pathological

Question 7

Anxiety

Answer 7

Normal fear response that becomes disordered when excessive and impairing

Question 8

Panic Attack

Answer 8

Sudden intense fear with physical and cognitive symptoms

Question 9

Agoraphobia

Answer 9

Fear of situations where escape/help may be difficult. Public transport, open or enclosed spaces, crowds, or being alone outside home.

Question 10

Panic Disorder

Answer 10

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks + fear of future attacks

Question 11

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

Excessive uncontrollable worry for ≥6 months

Question 12

Phobia

Answer 12

Persistent, disproportionate fear of a specific object/situation

Question 13

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 13

Fear of social scrutiny and evaluation

Question 14

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Answer 14

Obsessions (intrusive thoughts) + compulsions (repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety)

Question 15

Obsessions

Answer 15

Intrusive and unwanted thoughts

Question 16

Compulsions

Answer 16

Repetitive behaviours/mental acts to reduce anxiety

Question 17

OCD Insight

Answer 17

Awareness of irrationality of beliefs (varies from good to absent)

Question 18

PTSD

Answer 18

Disorder following exposure to severe trauma with symptoms lasting >1 month

Question 19

Intrusion Symptoms

Answer 19

Flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive memories

Question 20

Avoidance

Answer 20

Avoiding trauma-related thoughts or reminders

Question 21

Negative Cognition and Mood Changes

Answer 21

Memory issues, negative beliefs, emotional numbness

Question 22

Arousal and Reactivity Changes

Answer 22

Hypervigilance, irritability, sleep issues, startle response

Question 23

Mood Disorders

Answer 23

Disorders involving prolonged disturbances in mood

Question 24

Major Depressive Episode

Answer 24

≥5 symptoms over 2 weeks including depressed mood or loss of interest

Question 25

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 25

Presence of a major depressive episode without mania

Question 26

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Answer 26

Chronic depression lasting ≥2 years

Question 27

Bipolar I

Answer 27

At least one manic episode lasting a week or more. Major depressive episodes are not required. "First is the worst - for you. Second is the best".

Question 28

Bipolar II

Answer 28

Hypomanic episodes that last at least four days and do not cause major functional impairment. Requires at least one major depressive episode.

Question 29

Mixed Episode

Answer 29

Simultaneous manic and depressive symptoms

Question 30

Schizophrenia

Answer 30

≥6 months of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction Positive symptoms: -Excess/distortion of normal function (hallucinations, delusions) Negative symptoms: -Loss of normal function (reduced emotion, motivation)

Question 31

Delusions

Answer 31

False beliefs resistant to evidence

Question 32

Hallucinations

Answer 32

Perceptions without external stimuli

Question 33

Disorganized speech

Answer 33

Incoherent and illogical speech

Question 34

Catatonia

Answer 34

A person’s ability to move, speak, and respond to their environment becomes severely disrupted

Question 35

Avolition

Answer 35

Significant decrease in motivation to initiate or sustain goal-directed activities

Question 36

Alogia

Answer 36

Reduced speech

Question 37

Anhedonia

Answer 37

Inability to feel pleasure

Question 38

Asociality

Answer 38

Lack of interest in social interaction

Question 39

Dissociative disorders

Answer 39

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity

Question 40

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 40

Loss of personal memory due to trauma

Question 41

Dissociative fugue

Answer 41

A person temporarily loses awareness of their identity and may travel or wander to unfamiliar locations without memory of how they got there

Question 42

DID

Answer 42

Two or more distinct identities. Host = primary identity. Alters = alternate identities. Sociocognitive perspective: DID may be influenced by media therapists.

Question 43

Personality Disorders

Answer 43

Inflexible, maladaptive personality patterns causing impairment

Question 44

Cluster A PD

Answer 44

Odd/eccentric (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)

Question 45

Cluster B PD

Answer 45

Erratic/emotional (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic).

Question 46

Cluster C PD

Answer 46

Anxious/fearful (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive)

Question 47

Antisocial PD

Answer 47

Disregard for others, lack of remorse

Question 48

Borderline PD

Answer 48

Instability in relationships, self-image, emotions

Question 49

Histrionic PD

Answer 49

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

Question 50

Narcissitic PD

Answer 50

Grandiosity, need for admiration, low empathy

Question 51

Avoidant PD

Answer 51

Social inhibition and fear of criticism

Question 52

Dependent PD

Answer 52

Excessive need for care and submissiveness

Question 53

Obsessive compulsive PD

Answer 53

Perfectionism and control