Chapter 15

Question 1

Biological therapies

Answer 1

Medical interventions. Drugs, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery.

Question 2

Psychological therapies

Answer 2

Talk based treatment. Listening, reasoning, reinforcement.

Question 3

Social/interpersonal therapies

Answer 3

Relationship focused treatment. Family and group therapy.

Question 4

Multimodal treatment

Answer 4

Combining multiple therapeutic techniques

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Freudian therapy focused on conflicts from childhood.

Question 6

Unconscious mind

Answer 6

Thinking that is outside our awareness that influences our behaviour

Question 7

Resistance

Answer 7

Unconscious avoidance of distressing topics

Question 8

Free association

Answer 8

Expressing thoughts without censorship

Question 9

Dream Analysis

Answer 9

Interpreting dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts

Question 10

Manifest content

Answer 10

Surface level meaning of a dream. The actual storyline.

Question 11

Latent content

Answer 11

Hidden psychological meaning of a dream. Underlying themes or drives.

Question 12

Catharis

Answer 12

Emotional release from recalling traumatic experiences

Question 13

Transference

Answer 13

Projecting your feelings about significant people from your past onto someone present (your therapist)

Question 14

Humanistic therapies

Answer 14

Focus on personal growth and self-actualization (achieving your full potential)

Question 15

Growth motive

Answer 15

The innate drive toward improvement and fulfillment

Question 16

Client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers)

Answer 16

Non-directive therapy where the client leads

Question 17

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 17

Accepting the client without judgement

Question 18

Gestalt therapy (Fritz)

Answer 18

Focus on awareness through active techniques like confrontation, exaggeration, and role playing

Question 19

Confrontation

Answer 19

Challenging clients to face inconsistencies

Question 20

Role-playing

Answer 20

Acting out scenarios with the client to explore their emotions towards certain people/situations

Question 21

Exaggeration technique

Answer 21

Intensifying subtle gestures, body language, or emotional expressions that clients may exhibit, often unconsciously. Like asking them to tap their foot harder and longer

Question 22

Behavioural therapies

Answer 22

Focusing on changing observable behaviors through learning principles.

Question 23

Classical conditioning therapies

Answer 23

Learning through associations between stimuli

Question 24

Systematic desensitization

Answer 24

Gradual exposure to feared stimuli paired with relaxation

Question 25

Flooding

Answer 25

Immediate, intense exposure to feared stimuli

Question 26

Aversive conditioning therapy

Answer 26

Pairing undesirable behavior with unpleasant stimulus

Question 27

Operant conditioning therapy

Answer 27

Modifying actions through reinforcement and punishment to increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable ones

Question 28

Behaviour modification

Answer 28

Replacing maladaptive behaviors with adaptive ones

Question 29

Token economy

Answer 29

Reinforcing behavior using tokens exchangeable for rewards. Points, stickers, coins, etc. Like with potty training.

Question 30

Reinforcement

Answer 30

Strengthening behavior through rewards

Question 31

Punishment

Answer 31

Reducing behavior through negative consequences

Question 32

Cognitive therapies

Answer 32

Focusing on changing maladaptive thoughts.

Question 33

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 33

Replacing irrational thoughts with rational ones

Question 34

Rational emotive therapy (Albert Ellis)

Answer 34

Targeting irrational beliefs. A – Activating event: The situation or event that triggers a response. B – Belief: The individual’s interpretation or thought about the event, which may be irrational. C – Consequence: Emotional or behavioral outcomes resulting from the belief. D – Dispute: Challenging and questioning the irrational belief. E – New effect: Developing rational beliefs that lead to healthier emotions and behaviors

Question 35

"Musts"

Answer 35

Unrealistic demands placed on self, others, or life

Question 36

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy

Answer 36

Centers on the idea that negative thought patterns significantly contribute to emotional distress and psychological disorders.

Question 37

Negative cognitive triad

Answer 37

Negative views of self, world, and future

Question 38

Cognitive distortions

Answer 38

Systematic errors in thinking like magnification, overgeneralization, all-or-nothing, catastrophizing, etc.

Question 39

Magnification

Answer 39

Exaggerating importance of events. "I will never recover from this"

Question 40

Overgeneralization

Answer 40

Drawing broad conclusions from limited events "I always mess up"

Question 41

Selective abstraction

Answer 41

Focusing on one negative detail while ignoring others

Question 42

Automatic thoughts

Answer 42

Immediate, often unconscious negative thoughts

Question 43

Universality

Answer 43

Realizing others share similar problems in group therapy

Question 44

Altruism

Answer 44

Selfless acts intended to benefit others, enhancing social connections & personal wellbeing during group therapy

Question 45

Interpersonal skills development

Answer 45

Learning social skills through interaction

Question 46

Validation

Answer 46

Acknowledging each others' perspectives in family therapy

Question 47

Reframing

Answer 47

Changing interpretation of behavior to reduce blame or threat

Question 48

Structural change

Answer 48

Modifying family roles and patterns

Question 49

De-triangulation

Answer 49

The process of withdrawing from a family member or therapist to avoid being drawn into alliances of one person against another.

Question 50

Insomnia

Answer 50

Persistent difficulty with sleep despite adequate opportunity

Question 51

Sleep stimulus control

Answer 51

Associating bed only with sleep-related activities

Question 52

Sleep restriction

Answer 52

Limiting time in bed to improve sleep efficiency

Question 53

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia

Answer 53

Combines cognitive and behavioral sleep strategies

Question 54

Sleep cognitions

Answer 54

Beliefs and thoughts about sleep

Question 55

Biofeedback

Answer 55

Monitoring and controlling physiological responses