Chapter 14

Question 1

Symbiosis means

Answer 1

To live together

Question 2

We have symbiotic relationships with countless

Answer 2

Microorganisms.

Question 3

Normal Microbiota in Hosts also termed _______ and _________.

Answer 3

Normal flora

Indigenous microbiota

Question 4

Normal flora and indigenous microbiota

Answer 4

Organisms that colonize the body’s surface without normally causing disease

Question 5

Part of microbiota for life

Answer 5

Resident microbiota

Question 6

remain in body for hours

Answer 6

Transient microbiota

Question 7

Resident microbiota and transient microbiota cannot

Answer 7

persist in the body; competition from other microbiota

• Elimination by the body’s defense cells(White Blood Cells)
• Chemical or physical changes in the body

Question 8

Normal microbiota in hosts

Answer 8

• Aquisition of normal microbiota

- Development in womb, free of microorganisms (axenic enviroment)

Question 9

Microbiota begin to develop during

Answer 9

Birthing process

Question 10

Much of one’s resident microbiota establish during

Answer 10

first months of life

Question 11

Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain circumstances

Answer 11

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 12

Conditions that provide opportunities for pathogens

Answer 12

• Introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site in body
• Immune system
• Change in normal microbiota
• Change in relative abundance may allow opportunity for a member to thrive and causes disease

Question 13

Most pathogens cannot survive long outside a

Answer 13

Host

Question 14

Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection

Answer 14

Reservoirs of infection

Question 15

Three types of reservoirs

Answer 15

Animal reservoirs
Human reservoirs
Nonliving reservoirs

Question 16

Disease naturally spread from animals host to humans

Answer 16

Zoonoses

Question 17

Acquire zoonoses through various routes

Answer 17

-Direct contact with animals or its waste
-Eating animals
-Bloodsucking arthropods
(Humans are usually dead-end host to zoonotic pathogens)