Chapter 2

Question 1

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 1

established a Supreme Court and federal district courts

Question 2

Bill of Rights

Answer 2

10 amendments that guarantee specific rights

Question 3

What 3 departments were created to assist the president?

Answer 3

• State Department (foreign affairs)
• War Department (military affairs)
• Treasury Department (oversaw nation’s finance)

Question 4

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 4

Treasury secretary; Washington’s most trusted adviser; asked Congress to create a national bank for economic stability

Question 5

The national and state debt after the Revolution was $_________.

Answer 5

77 million

Question 6

How did the actions of the first president and Congress strengthen the new nation?

Answer 6

• Bill of Rights
• Supreme Court
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• national bank

Question 7

How did the US government respond to the challenges it faced in the late 1790s?

Answer 7

• Whiskey Act
• war reparations
• set up a national bank
• Bill of Rights
• made treaties
• built a military

Question 8

Federalist party

Answer 8

supported a strong national government; led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton

Question 9

Democratic-Republican party

Answer 9

wanted to protect states’ rights by limiting the power of the national government; led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Question 10

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 10

• authorized the president to imprison or deport foreigners who posed a threat to the nation
• targeted citizens who printed, said, or wrote anything false or malicious about the government

Question 11

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 11

U.S. purchase of French land between the MS River and the Rocky Mountains; Napoleon’s representative sold the land to US Representative James Monroe for $15 million

Question 12

first five presidents

Answer 12

1) George Washington
2) John Adams
3) Thomas Jefferson
4) James Madison
5) James Monroe

Question 13

judicial review

Answer 13

the power of the courts to review acts of Congress and the laws passed by the states (Marbury v. Madison)

Question 14

What was the international significance of the Louisiana purchase?

Answer 14

• doubled the nation in size

- helped strengthen the nation

Question 15

nationalism

Answer 15

national pride

Question 16

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 16

President Monroe vowed to oppose European attempts for expansion (1823)

Question 17

Robert Fulton

Answer 17

invented the steamboat in 1807

Question 18

Missouri Compromise

Answer 18

admitted Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory

Question 19

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Answer 19

required Native Americans living in the eastern US to relocate to Oklahoma; led to the Trail of Tears which killed 4,000 Cherokee

Question 20

What foreign and domestic issues did the U.S. face in the early 1800s?

Answer 20

• slavery
• Native American conflicts
• European expansion

Question 21

Eli Whitney

Answer 21

invented the cotton gin

Question 22

Who was the most famous and successful conductor of the Underground Railroad?

Answer 22

Harriet Tubman

Question 23

The religious movement of the 1790s was ______________.

Answer 23

The Second Great Awakening

Question 24

Dorothea Dix

Answer 24

started a movement to help the mentally ill; established over 100 hospitals

Question 25

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 25

campaigned for property rights for women in New York

Question 26

How did nationalism affect the development of the US foreign policy and economy?

Answer 26

- Monroe Doctrine | - westward expansion

Question 27

What were the reform movements of the early to mid-1800s?

Answer 27

- labor - education - mental health - women's rights - anti-slavery

Question 28

manifest destiny

Answer 28

expressed the belief that God intended the US to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean; coined in 1845 by editor John L. O'Sullivan

Question 29

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 29

Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and couldn't bring suit to US courts or be freed

Question 30

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 30

won the election of 1860

Question 31

Compromise of 1850

Answer 31

presented by Henry Clay; admitted California as a free state, divided the New Mexico Territory into two, abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and introduced the Fugitive Slave Act

Question 32

Why did the southern states secede?

Answer 32

believed Lincoln's presidency would result in slavery being abolished

Question 33

What were the causes of the Texas Revolution and Mexican War?

Answer 33

conflict over rights to Texas

Question 34

In what ways did Henry Clay's American Plan help economic development?

Answer 34

- taxes on goods | - helped with transportation

Question 35

What impact did Supreme Court decisions have on life in the U.S?

Answer 35

- judicial review and Marbury v. Madison | - preserved the constitution

Question 36

How did the reform movements of the 1800s change American society?

Answer 36

- reduced workdays - more schools were established - reduced alcohol consumption - better care for the mentally ill

Question 37

How important are the protections in the Bill of Rights to a democratic society?

Answer 37

protects the rights of individual citizens

Question 38

How did European colonization and the policies of the U.S. government affect American Indians?

Answer 38

forced them off their lands (Trail of Tears)

Question 39

What events led to the secession of the southern states?

Answer 39

- popular sovereignty - Compromise of 1850 - Kansas-Nebraska Act - Election of Abraham Lincoln

Question 40

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 40

wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 41

19th Amendment

Answer 41

gave women the right to vote

Question 42

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 42

law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed voters there to choose whether to allow slavery; introduced by Stephen Douglas

Question 43

popular sovereignty

Answer 43

practice of allowing voters to decide whether to permit slavery in their area